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Tocophobia

MedGen UID:
637110
•Concept ID:
C0522187
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Fear of childbirth
SNOMED CT: Tocophobia (102922001); Fear of childbirth (102922001)

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tokophobia and fear of birth: a workshop consensus statement on current issues and recommendations for future research.
Jomeen J, Martin CR, Jones C, Marshall C, Ayers S, Burt K, Frodsham L, Horsch A, Midwinter D, O'Connell M, Shakespeare J, Sheen K, Thomson G
J Reprod Infant Psychol 2021 Feb;39(1):2-15. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1843908. PMID: 33206580

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

How safe is the treatment of pregnant women with fear of childbirth using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy? Obstetric outcomes of a multi-center randomized controlled trial.
Baas MAM, Stramrood CAI, Dijksman LM, Vanhommerig JW, de Jongh A, van Pampus MG
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023 Nov;102(11):1575-1585. Epub 2023 Aug 4 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14628. PMID: 37540081Free PMC Article
Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia.
O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P, Stewart F, O'Neill SM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Jul 7;7(7):CD013321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013321.pub2. PMID: 34231203Free PMC Article
Psychological, educational, and alternative interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: A systematic review.
Aguilera-Martín Á, Gálvez-Lara M, Blanco-Ruiz M, García-Torres F
J Clin Psychol 2021 Mar;77(3):525-555. Epub 2020 Oct 20 doi: 10.1002/jclp.23071. PMID: 33078851
Causes and frequency of tocophobia - own experiences.
Sioma-Markowska U, Żur A, Skrzypulec-Plinta V, Machura M, Czajkowska M
Ginekol Pol 2017;88(5):239-243. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2017.0045. PMID: 28580568
Patient choice cesarean: an evidence-based review.
Wax JR, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2004 Aug;59(8):601-16. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000133942.76239.57. PMID: 15277895

Diagnosis

Tocophobia: a nosological quagmire.
Sharma V, Sharma S
Arch Womens Ment Health 2023 Oct;26(5):713-715. Epub 2023 Aug 7 doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01362-9. PMID: 37548800
Tokophobia and fear of birth: a workshop consensus statement on current issues and recommendations for future research.
Jomeen J, Martin CR, Jones C, Marshall C, Ayers S, Burt K, Frodsham L, Horsch A, Midwinter D, O'Connell M, Shakespeare J, Sheen K, Thomson G
J Reprod Infant Psychol 2021 Feb;39(1):2-15. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1843908. PMID: 33206580
Tocophobia in the DSM-5 era: Outcomes of a new cut-off analysis of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire based on clinical presentation.
Calderani E, Giardinelli L, Scannerini S, Arcabasso S, Compagno E, Petraglia F, Ricca V
J Psychosom Res 2019 Jan;116:37-43. Epub 2018 Nov 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.012. PMID: 30654992
Causes and frequency of tocophobia - own experiences.
Sioma-Markowska U, Żur A, Skrzypulec-Plinta V, Machura M, Czajkowska M
Ginekol Pol 2017;88(5):239-243. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2017.0045. PMID: 28580568
Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.
O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017 Aug;96(8):907-920. Epub 2017 May 17 doi: 10.1111/aogs.13138. PMID: 28369672

Therapy

How safe is the treatment of pregnant women with fear of childbirth using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy? Obstetric outcomes of a multi-center randomized controlled trial.
Baas MAM, Stramrood CAI, Dijksman LM, Vanhommerig JW, de Jongh A, van Pampus MG
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023 Nov;102(11):1575-1585. Epub 2023 Aug 4 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14628. PMID: 37540081Free PMC Article
Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia.
O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P, Stewart F, O'Neill SM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Jul 7;7(7):CD013321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013321.pub2. PMID: 34231203Free PMC Article
Fatal Acute Intracranial Subdural Hematoma After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Gioia S, Mirtella D, Lancia M, Suadoni F, Cingolani M
Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2019 Dec;40(4):381-385. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000505. PMID: 31688048
Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.
O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017 Aug;96(8):907-920. Epub 2017 May 17 doi: 10.1111/aogs.13138. PMID: 28369672
Patient choice cesarean: an evidence-based review.
Wax JR, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2004 Aug;59(8):601-16. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000133942.76239.57. PMID: 15277895

Prognosis

Prevalence and risk factors for serious birth concerns in unselected population of mothers.
Chválna Zuzana, Dominová Natália, Ostatníková Michaela, Pšenková Petra, Kollárová Karin, Serátor Veronika, Balažovjechová Barbora, Záhumenský Jozef
Ceska Gynekol 2023;88(2):80-85. doi: 10.48095/cccg202380. PMID: 37130730
A comparison of the Fear of Childbirth Scale with the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale to identify childbirth-related fear in a sample of Dutch pregnant women: a diagnostic accuracy comparative cross-sectional study.
Kuipers J, Henrichs J, Evans K
Int J Nurs Stud 2020 Sep;109:103615. Epub 2020 May 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103615. PMID: 32553993
Cesarean section with relative indications versus spontaneous vaginal delivery: short-term outcomes of maternofetal health.
Arikan I, Barut A, Harma M, Harma IM, Gezer S, Ulubasoglu H
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2012;39(3):288-92. PMID: 23157026
Patient choice cesarean: an evidence-based review.
Wax JR, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2004 Aug;59(8):601-16. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000133942.76239.57. PMID: 15277895

Clinical prediction guides

How safe is the treatment of pregnant women with fear of childbirth using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy? Obstetric outcomes of a multi-center randomized controlled trial.
Baas MAM, Stramrood CAI, Dijksman LM, Vanhommerig JW, de Jongh A, van Pampus MG
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023 Nov;102(11):1575-1585. Epub 2023 Aug 4 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14628. PMID: 37540081Free PMC Article
Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia.
O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P, Stewart F, O'Neill SM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Jul 7;7(7):CD013321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013321.pub2. PMID: 34231203Free PMC Article
Evaluation of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on tocophobia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fathi Najafi T, Dashti S, Bolghanabadi N, Rezvanifard M, Andaroon N, Abadibavil D, Tahoonian Golkhatmy F, Bahri N
Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021 Jun;35(3):255-260. Epub 2021 Mar 26 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.03.009. PMID: 33966789
Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.
O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017 Aug;96(8):907-920. Epub 2017 May 17 doi: 10.1111/aogs.13138. PMID: 28369672
Cesarean section with relative indications versus spontaneous vaginal delivery: short-term outcomes of maternofetal health.
Arikan I, Barut A, Harma M, Harma IM, Gezer S, Ulubasoglu H
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2012;39(3):288-92. PMID: 23157026

Recent systematic reviews

Impact of continuous labor companion- who is the best: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Jayasundara DMCS, Jayawardane IA, Weliange SDS, Jayasingha TDKM, Madugalle TMSSB
PLoS One 2024;19(7):e0298852. Epub 2024 Jul 23 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298852. PMID: 39042637Free PMC Article
Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia.
O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P, Stewart F, O'Neill SM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Jul 7;7(7):CD013321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013321.pub2. PMID: 34231203Free PMC Article
Evaluation of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on tocophobia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fathi Najafi T, Dashti S, Bolghanabadi N, Rezvanifard M, Andaroon N, Abadibavil D, Tahoonian Golkhatmy F, Bahri N
Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021 Jun;35(3):255-260. Epub 2021 Mar 26 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.03.009. PMID: 33966789
Psychological, educational, and alternative interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: A systematic review.
Aguilera-Martín Á, Gálvez-Lara M, Blanco-Ruiz M, García-Torres F
J Clin Psychol 2021 Mar;77(3):525-555. Epub 2020 Oct 20 doi: 10.1002/jclp.23071. PMID: 33078851
Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.
O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017 Aug;96(8):907-920. Epub 2017 May 17 doi: 10.1111/aogs.13138. PMID: 28369672

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