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Psychogenic polydipsia

MedGen UID:
452478
•Concept ID:
C0395005
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Polydipsia, Primary; Polydipsia, Psychogenic; Polydipsias, Primary; Polydipsias, Psychogenic; Primary Polydipsia; Primary Polydipsias; Psychogenic Polydipsia; Psychogenic Polydipsias
SNOMED CT: Primary polydipsia (82800008); Psychogenic polydipsia (15945005)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0040871

Definition

A form of primary polydipsia caused by underlying psychiatric symptoms, including those caused by psychoses and rarely by affective disorders. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPsychogenic polydipsia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of refractory psychogenic polydipsia with lithium.
Unger M, Xiong G
Ann Clin Psychiatry 2017 May;29(2):146-147. PMID: 28463347
Psychogenic polydipsia review: etiology, differential, and treatment.
Dundas B, Harris M, Narasimhan M
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2007 Jun;9(3):236-41. doi: 10.1007/s11920-007-0025-7. PMID: 17521521
The use of hypertonic saline infusions in the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and psychogenic polydipsia.
CARTER AC, ROBBINS J
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1947 Jun;7(6):464. PMID: 20253415

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with oral water intake in adults: a systematic review.
Rangan GK, Dorani N, Zhang MM, Abu-Zarour L, Lau HC, Munt A, Chandra AN, Saravanabavan S, Rangan A, Zhang JQJ, Howell M, Wong AT
BMJ Open 2021 Dec 9;11(12):e046539. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046539. PMID: 34887267Free PMC Article
Primary polydipsia: Update.
Ahmadi L, Goldman MB
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep;34(5):101469. Epub 2020 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101469. PMID: 33222764Free PMC Article
Primary polydipsia in the medical and psychiatric patient: characteristics, complications and therapy.
Sailer C, Winzeler B, Christ-Crain M
Swiss Med Wkly 2017;147:w14514. Epub 2017 Nov 1 doi: 10.4414/smw.2017.14514. PMID: 29120013
Diuretic-associated hyponatremia.
Hix JK, Silver S, Sterns RH
Semin Nephrol 2011 Nov;31(6):553-66. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010. PMID: 22099512
Psychogenic polydipsia review: etiology, differential, and treatment.
Dundas B, Harris M, Narasimhan M
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2007 Jun;9(3):236-41. doi: 10.1007/s11920-007-0025-7. PMID: 17521521

Diagnosis

Arginine or Hypertonic Saline-Stimulated Copeptin to Diagnose AVP Deficiency.
Refardt J, Atila C, Chifu I, Ferrante E, Erlic Z, Drummond JB, Indirli R, Drexhage RC, Sailer CO, Widmer A, Felder S, Powlson AS, Hutter N, Vogt DR, Gurnell M, Soares BS, Hofland J, Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Winzeler B, Christ-Crain M
N Engl J Med 2023 Nov 16;389(20):1877-1887. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2306263. PMID: 37966286
Primary polydipsia: Update.
Ahmadi L, Goldman MB
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep;34(5):101469. Epub 2020 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101469. PMID: 33222764Free PMC Article
Diabetes Insipidus: New Concepts for Diagnosis.
Christ-Crain M
Neuroendocrinology 2020;110(9-10):859-867. Epub 2020 Jan 2 doi: 10.1159/000505548. PMID: 31986514
Copeptin and its role in the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.
Refardt J, Winzeler B, Christ-Crain M
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Jul;91(1):22-32. Epub 2019 May 8 doi: 10.1111/cen.13991. PMID: 31004513Free PMC Article
Diuretic-associated hyponatremia.
Hix JK, Silver S, Sterns RH
Semin Nephrol 2011 Nov;31(6):553-66. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010. PMID: 22099512

Therapy

Clozapine Prescripers-Dogmatic or Pragmatic?
Naguy A, Alhazeem H
Psychopharmacol Bull 2024 Apr 4;54(2):46-50. PMID: 38601835Free PMC Article
Arginine or Hypertonic Saline-Stimulated Copeptin to Diagnose AVP Deficiency.
Refardt J, Atila C, Chifu I, Ferrante E, Erlic Z, Drummond JB, Indirli R, Drexhage RC, Sailer CO, Widmer A, Felder S, Powlson AS, Hutter N, Vogt DR, Gurnell M, Soares BS, Hofland J, Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Winzeler B, Christ-Crain M
N Engl J Med 2023 Nov 16;389(20):1877-1887. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2306263. PMID: 37966286
Glucagon-stimulated copeptin measurements in the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Atila C, Gaisl O, Vogt DR, Werlen L, Szinnai G, Christ-Crain M
Eur J Endocrinol 2022 May 12;187(1):65-74. doi: 10.1530/EJE-22-0033. PMID: 35521789
Clonidine Use in Psychiatry: Panacea or Panache.
Naguy A
Pharmacology 2016;98(1-2):87-92. Epub 2016 May 10 doi: 10.1159/000446441. PMID: 27161101
Diuretic-associated hyponatremia.
Hix JK, Silver S, Sterns RH
Semin Nephrol 2011 Nov;31(6):553-66. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010. PMID: 22099512

Prognosis

Diagnostic value of the water deprivation test in the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome.
Trimpou P, Olsson DS, Ehn O, Ragnarsson O
Hormones (Athens) 2017 Oct;16(4):414-422. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1762. PMID: 29518762
Evaluation of copeptin and commonly used laboratory parameters for the differential diagnosis of profound hyponatraemia in hospitalized patients: 'The Co-MED Study'.
Nigro N, Winzeler B, Suter-Widmer I, Schuetz P, Arici B, Bally M, Blum CA, Nickel CH, Bingisser R, Bock A, Huber A, Müller B, Christ-Crain M
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Mar;86(3):456-462. Epub 2016 Oct 7 doi: 10.1111/cen.13243. PMID: 27658031
Identification of primary polydipsia in a severe and persistent mental illness outpatient population: a prospective observational study.
Iftene F, Bowie C, Milev R, Hawken E, Talikowska-Szymczak E, Potopsingh D, Hanna S, Mulroy J, Groll D, Millson R
Psychiatry Res 2013 Dec 30;210(3):679-83. Epub 2013 Jun 27 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.04.011. PMID: 23810384
Acute anterior compartment syndrome associated with psychogenic polydipsia.
Maiocchi L, Bernardi E
Australas Psychiatry 2012 Apr;20(2):159-61. Epub 2012 Mar 26 doi: 10.1177/1039856211432465. PMID: 22452903
A case of fluoxetine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Ozturk S, Ozsenel EB, Kazancioglu R, Turkmen A
Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008 May;4(5):278-82. Epub 2008 Mar 4 doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0780. PMID: 18317501

Clinical prediction guides

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls.
Sailer CO, Kuehne JM, da Conceição I, Refardt J, Christ-Crain M, Winzeler B
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023 Dec;99(6):535-544. Epub 2022 Nov 30 doi: 10.1111/cen.14835. PMID: 36263471
Machine learning-based algorithm as an innovative approach for the differentiation between diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia in clinical practice.
Nahum U, Refardt J, Chifu I, Fenske WK, Fassnacht M, Szinnai G, Christ-Crain M, Pfister M
Eur J Endocrinol 2022 Dec 1;187(6):777-786. Epub 2022 Oct 26 doi: 10.1530/EJE-22-0368. PMID: 36201166
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with oral water intake in adults: a systematic review.
Rangan GK, Dorani N, Zhang MM, Abu-Zarour L, Lau HC, Munt A, Chandra AN, Saravanabavan S, Rangan A, Zhang JQJ, Howell M, Wong AT
BMJ Open 2021 Dec 9;11(12):e046539. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046539. PMID: 34887267Free PMC Article
Postmortem diagnosis of hyponatremia: case report and literature review.
Vanhaebost J, Palmiere C, Scarpelli MP, Bou Abdallah F, Capron A, Schmit G
Int J Legal Med 2018 Jan;132(1):173-179. Epub 2017 May 13 doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1601-y. PMID: 28503702
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with profound hyponatraemia due to primary polydipsia.
Sailer CO, Winzeler B, Nigro N, Suter-Widmer I, Arici B, Bally M, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Christ-Crain M
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Nov;87(5):492-499. Epub 2017 Jul 7 doi: 10.1111/cen.13384. PMID: 28556237

Recent systematic reviews

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with oral water intake in adults: a systematic review.
Rangan GK, Dorani N, Zhang MM, Abu-Zarour L, Lau HC, Munt A, Chandra AN, Saravanabavan S, Rangan A, Zhang JQJ, Howell M, Wong AT
BMJ Open 2021 Dec 9;11(12):e046539. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046539. PMID: 34887267Free PMC Article

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