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Grade 2 Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

MedGen UID:
83887
•Concept ID:
C0349555
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Grade II Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Vagina Grade 2; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Vagina Grade 2; Moderate vaginal dysplasia; Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2; Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2; VAIN - Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia 2
SNOMED CT: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (276872009); VAIN - Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (276872009); Moderate vaginal dysplasia (276872009)

Definition

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of nuclear intraepithelial neoplastic changes in the lower two-thirds of the epithelium and parakeratosis. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGrade 2 Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN 2/3): comparing clinical outcomes of treatment with intravaginal estrogen.
Rhodes HE, Chenevert L, Munsell M
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2014 Apr;18(2):115-21. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31829f52f4. PMID: 24189311

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies.
Bowden SJ, Doulgeraki T, Bouras E, Markozannes G, Athanasiou A, Grout-Smith H, Kechagias KS, Ellis LB, Zuber V, Chadeau-Hyam M, Flanagan JM, Tsilidis KK, Kalliala I, Kyrgiou M
BMC Med 2023 Jul 27;21(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02965-w. PMID: 37501128Free PMC Article
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) consensus statement on the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.
Kesic V, Carcopino X, Preti M, Vieira-Baptista P, Bevilacqua F, Bornstein J, Chargari C, Cruickshank M, Erzeneoglu E, Gallio N, Gultekin M, Heller D, Joura E, Kyrgiou M, Madić T, Planchamp F, Regauer S, Reich O, Esat Temiz B, Woelber L, Zodzika J, Stockdale C
Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023 Apr 3;33(4):446-461. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-004213. PMID: 36958755Free PMC Article
Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study.
Usyk M, Zolnik CP, Castle PE, Porras C, Herrero R, Gradissimo A, Gonzalez P, Safaeian M, Schiffman M, Burk RD; Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group
PLoS Pathog 2020 Mar;16(3):e1008376. Epub 2020 Mar 26 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008376. PMID: 32214382Free PMC Article
Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses.
Arbyn M, Smith SB, Temin S, Sultana F, Castle P; Collaboration on Self-Sampling and HPV Testing
BMJ 2018 Dec 5;363:k4823. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k4823. PMID: 30518635Free PMC Article
Effect of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in a subgroup of women with cervical and vulvar disease: retrospective pooled analysis of trial data.
Joura EA, Garland SM, Paavonen J, Ferris DG, Perez G, Ault KA, Huh WK, Sings HL, James MK, Haupt RM; FUTURE I and II Study Group
BMJ 2012 Mar 27;344:e1401. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e1401. PMID: 22454089Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies.
Bowden SJ, Doulgeraki T, Bouras E, Markozannes G, Athanasiou A, Grout-Smith H, Kechagias KS, Ellis LB, Zuber V, Chadeau-Hyam M, Flanagan JM, Tsilidis KK, Kalliala I, Kyrgiou M
BMC Med 2023 Jul 27;21(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02965-w. PMID: 37501128Free PMC Article
Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses.
Arbyn M, Smith SB, Temin S, Sultana F, Castle P; Collaboration on Self-Sampling and HPV Testing
BMJ 2018 Dec 5;363:k4823. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k4823. PMID: 30518635Free PMC Article
Deconstructing the genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
Vieira-Baptista P, Marchitelli C, Haefner HK, Donders G, Pérez-López F
Int Urogynecol J 2017 May;28(5):675-679. Epub 2017 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3295-6. PMID: 28293790
Effect of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in a subgroup of women with cervical and vulvar disease: retrospective pooled analysis of trial data.
Joura EA, Garland SM, Paavonen J, Ferris DG, Perez G, Ault KA, Huh WK, Sings HL, James MK, Haupt RM; FUTURE I and II Study Group
BMJ 2012 Mar 27;344:e1401. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e1401. PMID: 22454089Free PMC Article
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.
Audet-Lapointe P, Body G, Vauclair R, Drouin P, Ayoub J
Gynecol Oncol 1990 Feb;36(2):232-9. doi: 10.1016/0090-8258(90)90180-s. PMID: 2404839

Therapy

Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies.
Bowden SJ, Doulgeraki T, Bouras E, Markozannes G, Athanasiou A, Grout-Smith H, Kechagias KS, Ellis LB, Zuber V, Chadeau-Hyam M, Flanagan JM, Tsilidis KK, Kalliala I, Kyrgiou M
BMC Med 2023 Jul 27;21(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02965-w. PMID: 37501128Free PMC Article
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) consensus statement on the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.
Kesic V, Carcopino X, Preti M, Vieira-Baptista P, Bevilacqua F, Bornstein J, Chargari C, Cruickshank M, Erzeneoglu E, Gallio N, Gultekin M, Heller D, Joura E, Kyrgiou M, Madić T, Planchamp F, Regauer S, Reich O, Esat Temiz B, Woelber L, Zodzika J, Stockdale C
Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023 Apr 3;33(4):446-461. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-004213. PMID: 36958755Free PMC Article
Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kechagias KS, Kalliala I, Bowden SJ, Athanasiou A, Paraskevaidi M, Paraskevaidis E, Dillner J, Nieminen P, Strander B, Sasieni P, Veroniki AA, Kyrgiou M
BMJ 2022 Aug 3;378:e070135. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070135. PMID: 35922074Free PMC Article
Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study.
Usyk M, Zolnik CP, Castle PE, Porras C, Herrero R, Gradissimo A, Gonzalez P, Safaeian M, Schiffman M, Burk RD; Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group
PLoS Pathog 2020 Mar;16(3):e1008376. Epub 2020 Mar 26 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008376. PMID: 32214382Free PMC Article
A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women.
Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, Bouchard C, Mao C, Mehlsen J, Moreira ED Jr, Ngan Y, Petersen LK, Lazcano-Ponce E, Pitisuttithum P, Restrepo JA, Stuart G, Woelber L, Yang YC, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Huh W, Kjaer SK, Bautista OM, Chan IS, Chen J, Gesser R, Moeller E, Ritter M, Vuocolo S, Luxembourg A; Broad Spectrum HPV Vaccine Study
N Engl J Med 2015 Feb 19;372(8):711-23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405044. PMID: 25693011

Prognosis

Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies.
Bowden SJ, Doulgeraki T, Bouras E, Markozannes G, Athanasiou A, Grout-Smith H, Kechagias KS, Ellis LB, Zuber V, Chadeau-Hyam M, Flanagan JM, Tsilidis KK, Kalliala I, Kyrgiou M
BMC Med 2023 Jul 27;21(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02965-w. PMID: 37501128Free PMC Article
Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study.
Usyk M, Zolnik CP, Castle PE, Porras C, Herrero R, Gradissimo A, Gonzalez P, Safaeian M, Schiffman M, Burk RD; Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group
PLoS Pathog 2020 Mar;16(3):e1008376. Epub 2020 Mar 26 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008376. PMID: 32214382Free PMC Article
Effect of Screening With Primary Cervical HPV Testing vs Cytology Testing on High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia at 48 Months: The HPV FOCAL Randomized Clinical Trial.
Ogilvie GS, van Niekerk D, Krajden M, Smith LW, Cook D, Gondara L, Ceballos K, Quinlan D, Lee M, Martin RE, Gentile L, Peacock S, Stuart GCE, Franco EL, Coldman AJ
JAMA 2018 Jul 3;320(1):43-52. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.7464. PMID: 29971397Free PMC Article
A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women.
Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, Bouchard C, Mao C, Mehlsen J, Moreira ED Jr, Ngan Y, Petersen LK, Lazcano-Ponce E, Pitisuttithum P, Restrepo JA, Stuart G, Woelber L, Yang YC, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Huh W, Kjaer SK, Bautista OM, Chan IS, Chen J, Gesser R, Moeller E, Ritter M, Vuocolo S, Luxembourg A; Broad Spectrum HPV Vaccine Study
N Engl J Med 2015 Feb 19;372(8):711-23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405044. PMID: 25693011
Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases.
Forman D, de Martel C, Lacey CJ, Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bruni L, Vignat J, Ferlay J, Bray F, Plummer M, Franceschi S
Vaccine 2012 Nov 20;30 Suppl 5:F12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.055. PMID: 23199955

Clinical prediction guides

Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies.
Bowden SJ, Doulgeraki T, Bouras E, Markozannes G, Athanasiou A, Grout-Smith H, Kechagias KS, Ellis LB, Zuber V, Chadeau-Hyam M, Flanagan JM, Tsilidis KK, Kalliala I, Kyrgiou M
BMC Med 2023 Jul 27;21(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02965-w. PMID: 37501128Free PMC Article
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: development during pregnancy and postpartum.
Stuebs FA, Mergel F, Koch MC, Dietl AK, Schulmeyer CE, Adler W, Geppert C, Hartman A, Knöll A, Beckmann MW, Gass P, Mehlhorn G
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023 May;307(5):1567-1572. Epub 2022 Oct 22 doi: 10.1007/s00404-022-06815-7. PMID: 36271921Free PMC Article
Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kechagias KS, Kalliala I, Bowden SJ, Athanasiou A, Paraskevaidi M, Paraskevaidis E, Dillner J, Nieminen P, Strander B, Sasieni P, Veroniki AA, Kyrgiou M
BMJ 2022 Aug 3;378:e070135. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070135. PMID: 35922074Free PMC Article
Recurrence of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia after various treatments.
Boonlikit S
Curr Probl Cancer 2022 Apr;46(2):100792. Epub 2021 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100792. PMID: 34579973
Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study.
Usyk M, Zolnik CP, Castle PE, Porras C, Herrero R, Gradissimo A, Gonzalez P, Safaeian M, Schiffman M, Burk RD; Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group
PLoS Pathog 2020 Mar;16(3):e1008376. Epub 2020 Mar 26 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008376. PMID: 32214382Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kechagias KS, Kalliala I, Bowden SJ, Athanasiou A, Paraskevaidi M, Paraskevaidis E, Dillner J, Nieminen P, Strander B, Sasieni P, Veroniki AA, Kyrgiou M
BMJ 2022 Aug 3;378:e070135. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070135. PMID: 35922074Free PMC Article
Accuracy and effectiveness of HPV mRNA testing in cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Arbyn M, Simon M, de Sanjosé S, Clarke MA, Poljak M, Rezhake R, Berkhof J, Nyaga V, Gultekin M, Canfell K, Wentzensen N
Lancet Oncol 2022 Jul;23(7):950-960. Epub 2022 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00294-7. PMID: 35709810
Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of HPV-related disease in females and males.
Bergman H, Buckley BS, Villanueva G, Petkovic J, Garritty C, Lutje V, Riveros-Balta AX, Low N, Henschke N
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Nov 22;2019(11) doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013479. PMID: 31755549Free PMC Article
Human papillomavirus and p16 in squamous cell carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vagina.
Bertoli HK, Rasmussen CL, Sand FL, Albieri V, Norrild B, Verdoodt F, Kjaer SK
Int J Cancer 2019 Jul 1;145(1):78-86. Epub 2019 Jan 11 doi: 10.1002/ijc.32078. PMID: 30561092
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the accuracy of HPV tests, visual inspection with acetic acid, cytology, and colposcopy.
Mustafa RA, Santesso N, Khatib R, Mustafa AA, Wiercioch W, Kehar R, Gandhi S, Chen Y, Cheung A, Hopkins J, Ma B, Lloyd N, Wu D, Broutet N, Schünemann HJ
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016 Mar;132(3):259-65. Epub 2015 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.07.024. PMID: 26851054

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