U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis

MedGen UID:
573037
Concept ID:
C0339229
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: SLK; SLK - Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis; Superior limbic keratitis; superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis; Theodore superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis; Theodore syndrome; Theodore's superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis; Theodore's syndrome; Theodores superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis; Theodores syndrome
SNOMED CT: Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (231903005); Theodore's superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (231903005); SLK - Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (231903005); Superior limbic keratitis (231903005)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019504
Orphanet: ORPHA88633

Definition

A rare disorder of the anterior segment of the eye characterized by unilateral or bilateral, chronic and recurrent inflammation affecting the upper tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva, as well as the superior limbus, manifesting as a papillary reaction on the upper tarsal conjunctiva, thickening and folding of redundant superior bulbar conjunctiva, and superficial punctate epithelial keratitis with or without filament formation near the superior corneal limbus. Middle-aged women are most commonly affected and present with foreign body sensation, frequent blinking, burning sensation, and pruritus, among others. [from ORDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lee DH, Margolis MS, Iovieno A, Ling J, Ng T, Djalilian AR, Yeung SN
Ocul Surf 2023 Apr;28:144-152. Epub 2023 Apr 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.03.004. PMID: 37011726
Azari AA, Rapuano CJ
Eye Contact Lens 2015 May;41(3):133-40. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000104. PMID: 25603439
Takahashi Y, Ichinose A, Kakizaki H
Am J Ophthalmol 2014 Apr;157(4):807-812.e2. Epub 2014 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.12.027. PMID: 24412123

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Takahashi Y, Vaidya A, Kakizaki H
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023 Mar;261(3):833-839. Epub 2022 Sep 9 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05827-y. PMID: 36083323
Cheng C, Zhu M, Lin T, Chen Z, Zeng W, Li K, Xue R, Duan F, Wu K
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jul;260(7):2291-2298. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05575-z. PMID: 35113250
Sivaraman KR, Jivrajka RV, Soin K, Bouchard CS, Movahedan A, Shorter E, Jain S, Jacobs DS, Djalilian AR
Ocul Surf 2016 Jul;14(3):393-400. Epub 2016 May 12 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2016.04.003. PMID: 27179980Free PMC Article
Chavis PS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002 Dec;13(6):352-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200212000-00002. PMID: 12441836
Kass LG, Hornblass A
Surv Ophthalmol 1989 May-Jun;33(6):477-90. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(89)90049-0. PMID: 2658172

Diagnosis

Cheng C, Zhu M, Lin T, Chen Z, Zeng W, Li K, Xue R, Duan F, Wu K
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jul;260(7):2291-2298. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05575-z. PMID: 35113250
Lahoti S, Weiss M, Johnson DA, Kheirkhah A
Surv Ophthalmol 2022 Mar-Apr;67(2):331-341. Epub 2021 May 30 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.009. PMID: 34077767
Nelson JD
Eye (Lond) 1989;3 ( Pt 2):180-9. doi: 10.1038/eye.1989.26. PMID: 2695351
Wilson FM 2nd, Ostler HB
Int Ophthalmol Clin 1986 Winter;26(4):99-112. doi: 10.1097/00004397-198602640-00010. PMID: 3804639
Corwin ME
Am J Ophthalmol 1968 Aug;66(2):338-40. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(68)92086-2. PMID: 5663373

Therapy

Takahashi Y, Lee PAL, Vaidya A, Kono S, Kakizaki H
Sci Rep 2021 Mar 5;11(1):5288. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84661-4. PMID: 33674648Free PMC Article
Chavis PS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002 Dec;13(6):352-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200212000-00002. PMID: 12441836
Wilson FM 2nd, Ostler HB
Int Ophthalmol Clin 1986 Winter;26(4):99-112. doi: 10.1097/00004397-198602640-00010. PMID: 3804639
Wright P
Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K (1962) 1972;92:555-60. PMID: 4515537
Corwin ME
Am J Ophthalmol 1968 Aug;66(2):338-40. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(68)92086-2. PMID: 5663373

Prognosis

Takahashi Y, Lee PAL, Vaidya A, Kono S, Kakizaki H
Sci Rep 2021 Mar 5;11(1):5288. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84661-4. PMID: 33674648Free PMC Article
Lo C, Yang M, Rootman D
Orbit 2021 Oct;40(5):389-393. Epub 2020 Aug 26 doi: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1814352. PMID: 32847459
Rodriguez-Garcia A, Macias-Rodriguez Y, Gonzalez-Gonzalez JM
Int Ophthalmol 2018 Jun;38(3):1243-1249. Epub 2017 Jun 10 doi: 10.1007/s10792-017-0588-1. PMID: 28602013
Chavis PS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002 Dec;13(6):352-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200212000-00002. PMID: 12441836
Kass LG, Hornblass A
Surv Ophthalmol 1989 May-Jun;33(6):477-90. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(89)90049-0. PMID: 2658172

Clinical prediction guides

Takahashi Y, Vaidya A, Kakizaki H
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023 Mar;261(3):833-839. Epub 2022 Sep 9 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05827-y. PMID: 36083323
Cheng C, Zhu M, Lin T, Chen Z, Zeng W, Li K, Xue R, Duan F, Wu K
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jul;260(7):2291-2298. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05575-z. PMID: 35113250
Takahashi Y, Lee PAL, Vaidya A, Kono S, Kakizaki H
Sci Rep 2021 Mar 5;11(1):5288. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84661-4. PMID: 33674648Free PMC Article
Sun YC, Tang YH, Liou HM, Chen WL, Hu FR
Br J Ophthalmol 2020 May;104(5):735-740. Epub 2019 Mar 29 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313358. PMID: 30926588
Sivaraman KR, Jivrajka RV, Soin K, Bouchard CS, Movahedan A, Shorter E, Jain S, Jacobs DS, Djalilian AR
Ocul Surf 2016 Jul;14(3):393-400. Epub 2016 May 12 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2016.04.003. PMID: 27179980Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...