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Synostosis of joints

MedGen UID:: 568615
•Concept ID:: C0332790
•: Acquired Abnormality

Synonyms:	Bony ankylosis; Fusion of joints; Osseous ankylosis; True ankylosis
SNOMED CT:	Osseous ankylosis (70996008); Bony ankylosis (70996008); True ankylosis (70996008)

HPO:	HP:0100240

Definition

The abnormal fusion of neighboring bones across a joint. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVSynostosis of joints

Phenotypic abnormality
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
  - Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology
    - Abnormal joint physiology
      - Abnormality of joint mobility
        Synostosis of joints
        Fusion of middle ear ossicles
        Synostosis involving bones of the upper limbs
        Radioulnar synostosis
        Proximal radio-ulnar synostosis
        Radio-ulnar synostosis, bilateral
        Radio-ulnar synostosis, unilateral
        Scapulohumeral synostosis
        Synostosis involving bones of the hand
        Synostosis involving the elbow
        Synostosis involving digits
        Distal symphalangism
        Distal foot symphalangism
        Distal symphalangism of hands
        Finger symphalangism
        Proximal symphalangism
        Proximal foot symphalangism
        Proximal symphalangism of hands
        Synostosis involving bones of the toes
        Second toe symphalangism
        Symphalangism affecting the phalanges of the 3rd toe
        Symphalangism affecting the phalanges of the 4th toe
        Symphalangism affecting the phalanges of the 5th toe
        Symphalangism affecting the phalanges of the hallux
        Synostosis of carpals/tarsals
        Carpal synostosis
        Capitate-hamate fusion
        Carpometacarpal synostosis
        Partial fusion of carpals
        Partial fusion of proximal row of carpal bones
        Synostosis of carpal bones
        Tarsal synostosis
        Calcaneonavicular fusion
        Coalescence of tarsal bones
        Partial fusion of tarsals
        Talocalcaneal synostosis
        Tarsometatarsal synostosis
        Synostosis of metacarpals/metatarsals
        Metacarpal synostosis
        Metatarsal synostosis
        Vertebral fusion
        Abnormal vertebral segmentation and fusion
        Anterior vertebral fusion
        Block vertebrae
        Fused cervical vertebrae
        Cervical C3/C4 vertebral fusion
        Cervical C5/C6 vertebrae fusion
        Cervical C6/C7 vertebrae fusion
        Fusion of midcervical facet joints
        Klippel-Feil syndrome
        Progressive cervical vertebral spine fusion
        Fused lumbar vertebrae
        Fused thoracic vertebrae
        Posterior fusion of lumbosacral vertebrae
        Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Classification and diagnosis of acute isolated syndesmotic injuries: ESSKA-AFAS consensus and guidelines.

van Dijk CN, Longo UG, Loppini M, Florio P, Maltese L, Ciuffreda M, Denaro V
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Apr;24(4):1200-16. Epub 2015 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3942-8. PMID: 26704800

An update on the evaluation and treatment of syndesmotic injuries.

Rammelt S, Obruba P
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015 Dec;41(6):601-14. Epub 2014 Nov 12 doi: 10.1007/s00068-014-0466-8. PMID: 26037997

Management of posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis.

Bergeron SG, Desy NM, Bernstein M, Harvey EJ
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2012 Jul;20(7):450-8. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-20-07-450. PMID: 22751164

See all (17)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Joint multi-ancestry and admixed GWAS reveals the complex genetics behind human cranial vault shape.

Goovaerts S, Hoskens H, Eller RJ, Herrick N, Musolf AM, Justice CM, Yuan M, Naqvi S, Lee MK, Vandermeulen D, Szabo-Rogers HL, Romitti PA, Boyadjiev SA, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR, Shriver MD, Wysocka J, Walsh S, Weinberg SM, Claes P
Nat Commun 2023 Nov 16;14(1):7436. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43237-8. PMID: 37973980 Free PMC Article

Coalitions of the Tarsal Bones.

Klammer G, Espinosa N, Iselin LD
Foot Ankle Clin 2018 Sep;23(3):435-449. Epub 2018 Jun 28 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2018.04.011. PMID: 30097083

Adult post-traumatic radioulnar synostosis.

Dohn P, Khiami F, Rolland E, Goubier JN
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2012 Oct;98(6):709-14. Epub 2012 Sep 19 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2012.04.018. PMID: 23000035

Management of posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis.

Bergeron SG, Desy NM, Bernstein M, Harvey EJ
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2012 Jul;20(7):450-8. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-20-07-450. PMID: 22751164

Ulnar dysmelia.

Ogden JA, Watson HK, Bohne W
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976 Jun;58(4):467-75. PMID: 818089

See all (240)

Diagnosis

Tarsal coalition in adults.

Mehdi N, Bernasconi A, Lintz F
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2024 Feb;110(1S):103761. Epub 2023 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103761. PMID: 37979676

Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis.

Rutkowski PT, Samora JB
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2021 Jul 1;29(13):563-570. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-01133. PMID: 33826558

Non-invasive prenatal sequencing for multiple Mendelian monogenic disorders using circulating cell-free fetal DNA.

Zhang J, Li J, Saucier JB, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Sinson J, McCombs AK, Schmitt ES, Peacock S, Chen S, Dai H, Ge X, Wang G, Shaw CA, Mei H, Breman A, Xia F, Yang Y, Purgason A, Pourpak A, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Kulkarni S, Choy KW, Wapner RJ, Van den Veyver IB, Beaudet A, Parmar S, Wong LJ, Eng CM
Nat Med 2019 Mar;25(3):439-447. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0334-x. PMID: 30692697

Tarsal Coalitions--Calcaneonavicular Coalitions.

Swensen SJ, Otsuka NY
Foot Ankle Clin 2015 Dec;20(4):669-79. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2015.08.001. PMID: 26589085

Tarsal coalitions.

Zaw H, Calder JD
Foot Ankle Clin 2010 Jun;15(2):349-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2010.02.003. PMID: 20534361

See all (224)

Therapy

Long-Term Outcomes of Arthroscope-Assisted Bone-Ligament-Bone Reconstruction for Nonstatic Scapholunate Ligament Injury.

Della Rosa N, Bertozzi N, Annoscia P, Adani R
Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 Dec 1;150(6):1283e-1292e. Epub 2022 Sep 20 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009736. PMID: 36126203

Advantages of creation of holes and removal of air in artificial bone for early bone formation when used artificial bone as a gap filler in open wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Tohma Y, Takeuchi R, Tanaka Y
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2019 Jan;29(1):131-137. Epub 2018 Aug 17 doi: 10.1007/s00590-018-2286-8. PMID: 30120535

Analysis of complications after a floating elbow injury.

Jiménez-Díaz V, Auñón-Martín I, Olaya-González C, Aroca-Peinado M, Cecilia-López D, Caba-Doussoux P
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2017 Jul;27(5):607-615. Epub 2016 Oct 13 doi: 10.1007/s00590-016-1866-8. PMID: 27738769

Endoscopic coalition resection.

Bonasia DE, Phisitkul P, Amendola A
Foot Ankle Clin 2015 Mar;20(1):81-91. Epub 2014 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2014.10.006. PMID: 25726485

Delayed operative treatment of syndesmotic instability. Current concepts review.

van den Bekerom MP, de Leeuw PA, van Dijk CN
Injury 2009 Nov;40(11):1137-42. Epub 2009 Jun 12 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.03.011. PMID: 19524232

See all (49)

Prognosis

The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of talocalcaneal coalitions.

Wang T, Qi H, Rong K, Zhang S, Bao S, Cheng T, Teng J
Acta Radiol 2021 Jul;62(7):897-903. Epub 2020 Aug 5 doi: 10.1177/0284185120944911. PMID: 32757638

Non-invasive prenatal sequencing for multiple Mendelian monogenic disorders using circulating cell-free fetal DNA.

Bilateral capitato-hamato-trapezoidal synostosis.

Mahjoub S, Lahmar AA, Miladi M, Abdelkafi M, Mbarek M
Joint Bone Spine 2018 May;85(3):371. Epub 2017 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.07.001. PMID: 28713069

An update on the evaluation and treatment of syndesmotic injuries.

Rammelt S, Obruba P
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015 Dec;41(6):601-14. Epub 2014 Nov 12 doi: 10.1007/s00068-014-0466-8. PMID: 26037997

Ulnar dysmelia.

Ogden JA, Watson HK, Bohne W
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976 Jun;58(4):467-75. PMID: 818089

See all (151)

Clinical prediction guides

Silveira KC, Fonseca IC, Oborn C, Wengryn P, Ghafoor S, Beke A, Dreseris ES, Wong C, Iacovone A, Soltys CL, Babul-Hirji R, Artigalas O, Antolini-Tavares A, Gingras AC, Campos E, Cavalcanti DP, Kannu P
Hum Genet 2023 Nov;142(11):1571-1586. Epub 2023 Sep 27 doi: 10.1007/s00439-023-02598-2. PMID: 37755482 Free PMC Article

Reamputation stumps below knee.

Shevchuk VI, Bezsmertnyi YO, Jiang Y, Bezsmertna HV, Dovgalyuk TV
Med Glas (Zenica) 2021 Aug 1;18(2):479-486. doi: 10.17392/1374-21. PMID: 34212707

Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis.

Rutkowski PT, Samora JB
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2021 Jul 1;29(13):563-570. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-01133. PMID: 33826558

Non-invasive prenatal sequencing for multiple Mendelian monogenic disorders using circulating cell-free fetal DNA.

Ulnar dysmelia.

Ogden JA, Watson HK, Bohne W
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976 Jun;58(4):467-75. PMID: 818089

See all (169)