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Persian gulf syndrome

MedGen UID:
84396
•Concept ID:
C0282550
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Gulf War Syndrome; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Syndrome, Gulf War; Syndrome, Persian Gulf
SNOMED CT: Gulf war syndrome (95877004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005907

Definition

Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8) [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPersian gulf syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Nanoparticles Containing Oxaliplatin and the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.
Mahaki H, Mansourian M, Meshkat Z, Avan A, Shafiee MH, Mahmoudian RA, Ghorbani E, Ferns GA, Manoochehri H, Menbari S, Sheykhhasan M, Tanzadehpanah H
Curr Pharm Des 2023;29(38):3018-3039. doi: 10.2174/0113816128274742231103063738. PMID: 37990895
miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.
Ying H, Ebrahimi M, Keivan M, Khoshnam SE, Salahi S, Farzaneh M
Cell Biol Int 2021 Oct;45(10):2045-2053. Epub 2021 Jul 5 doi: 10.1002/cbin.11653. PMID: 34180562Free PMC Article
Towards a Treatment for Gulf War Illness: A Consensus Docking Approach.
Jaundoo R, Bohmann J, Gutierrez GE, Klimas N, Broderick G, Craddock TJA
Mil Med 2020 Jan 7;185(Suppl 1):554-561. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usz299. PMID: 32074351Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Depleted uranium and Gulf War Illness: Updates and comments on possible mechanisms behind the syndrome.
Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Rahman MM, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J
Environ Res 2020 Feb;181:108927. Epub 2019 Nov 19 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108927. PMID: 31796256
Neurotoxicity in acute and repeated organophosphate exposure.
Naughton SX, Terry AV Jr
Toxicology 2018 Sep 1;408:101-112. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.011. PMID: 30144465Free PMC Article
Gulf War Illness: Challenges Persist.
Nettleman M
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2015;126:237-47. PMID: 26330683Free PMC Article
Gulf War Syndrome: a review of current knowledge and understanding.
Minshall D
J R Nav Med Serv 2014;100(3):252-8. PMID: 25895403
Gulf War illness.
Deahl M
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2005 Nov;66(11):608-9. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2005.66.11.20019. PMID: 16308944

Diagnosis

Treatment and life goals among veterans with Gulf War illness.
Sullivan N, Schorpp H, Crosky S, Thien S, Helmer DA, Litke DR, Pigeon WR, Quigley KS, McAndrew LM
PLoS One 2023;18(11):e0295168. Epub 2023 Nov 30 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295168. PMID: 38033143Free PMC Article
Gulf War Illness: Unifying Hypothesis for a Continuing Health Problem.
Mawson AR, Croft AM
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Jan 3;16(1) doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010111. PMID: 30609834Free PMC Article
Gulf War Illness: Challenges Persist.
Nettleman M
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2015;126:237-47. PMID: 26330683Free PMC Article
Gulf War Syndrome: a review of current knowledge and understanding.
Minshall D
J R Nav Med Serv 2014;100(3):252-8. PMID: 25895403
Gulf War syndrome as a part of the autoimmune (autoinflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvant (ASIA).
Israeli E
Lupus 2012 Feb;21(2):190-4. doi: 10.1177/0961203311429552. PMID: 22235052

Therapy

Neuroinflammation disorders exacerbated by environmental stressors.
O'Callaghan JP, Miller DB
Metabolism 2019 Nov;100S:153951. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153951. PMID: 31610852Free PMC Article
Neurotoxicity in acute and repeated organophosphate exposure.
Naughton SX, Terry AV Jr
Toxicology 2018 Sep 1;408:101-112. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.011. PMID: 30144465Free PMC Article
Depleted Uranium and Human Health.
Faa A, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Floris G, Eyken PV, Lachowicz JI, Nurchi VM
Curr Med Chem 2018;25(1):49-64. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170426102343. PMID: 28462701
'ASIA' - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants.
Shoenfeld Y, Agmon-Levin N
J Autoimmun 2011 Feb;36(1):4-8. Epub 2010 Aug 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003. PMID: 20708902
Adjuvants and autoimmunity.
Israeli E, Agmon-Levin N, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y
Lupus 2009 Nov;18(13):1217-25. doi: 10.1177/0961203309345724. PMID: 19880572

Prognosis

Yoga is effective for treating chronic pain in veterans with Gulf War Illness at long-term follow-up.
Allende S, Mathersul DC, Schulz-Heik JR, Avery TJ, Mahoney L, Bayley PJ
BMC Complement Med Ther 2023 Sep 13;23(1):319. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-04145-y. PMID: 37704984Free PMC Article
Neurotoxicity in acute and repeated organophosphate exposure.
Naughton SX, Terry AV Jr
Toxicology 2018 Sep 1;408:101-112. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.011. PMID: 30144465Free PMC Article
Gulf War Illness: Challenges Persist.
Nettleman M
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2015;126:237-47. PMID: 26330683Free PMC Article
Gulf War Syndrome: the final chapter?
Sartin JS
Mayo Clin Proc 2006 Nov;81(11):1425-6. doi: 10.4065/81.11.1425. PMID: 17120396
Controversies in neurotoxicology: current status.
Albers JW, Berent S
Neurol Clin 2000 Aug;18(3):741-64. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70221-8. PMID: 10873241

Clinical prediction guides

Hormonal changes in veterans with Gulf War Illness.
Bhatti G, Villalon A, Li R, Elammari M, Price A, Steele L, Garcia JM, Marcelli M, Jorge R
Life Sci 2023 Sep 1;328:121908. Epub 2023 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121908. PMID: 37406768
Dysregulation of cellular energetics in Gulf War Illness.
Raju RP, Terry AV
Toxicology 2021 Sep;461:152894. Epub 2021 Aug 10 doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152894. PMID: 34389359
Depleted uranium and Gulf War Illness: Updates and comments on possible mechanisms behind the syndrome.
Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Rahman MM, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J
Environ Res 2020 Feb;181:108927. Epub 2019 Nov 19 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108927. PMID: 31796256
Gulf War Illness: Unifying Hypothesis for a Continuing Health Problem.
Mawson AR, Croft AM
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Jan 3;16(1) doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010111. PMID: 30609834Free PMC Article
Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance.
Miller CS
Addiction 2001 Jan;96(1):115-37. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9611159.x. PMID: 11177524

Recent systematic reviews

Biological measures and diagnostic tools for Gulf War Illness - A systematic review.
Gean EG, Ayers CK, Winchell KA, Freeman M, Press AM, Paynter R, Kansagara D, Nugent SM
Life Sci 2021 Jun 15;275:119360. Epub 2021 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119360. PMID: 33741418
Multisymptom Illness in Gulf War Veterans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Gwini SM, Forbes AB, Sim MR, Kelsall HL
J Occup Environ Med 2016 Jul;58(7):659-67. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000755. PMID: 27389793
Pain in veterans of the Gulf War of 1991: a systematic review.
Thomas HV, Stimpson NJ, Weightman A, Dunstan F, Lewis G
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2006 Sep 20;7:74. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-7-74. PMID: 16987407Free PMC Article
Systematic review of multi-symptom conditions in Gulf War veterans.
Thomas HV, Stimpson NJ, Weightman AL, Dunstan F, Lewis G
Psychol Med 2006 Jun;36(6):735-47. Epub 2006 Jan 26 doi: 10.1017/S0033291705006975. PMID: 16438740
Gulf war syndrome: a toxic exposure? A systematic review.
Gronseth GS
Neurol Clin 2005 May;23(2):523-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.011. PMID: 15757795

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