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Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia

MedGen UID:
543418
•Concept ID:
C0271552
•
Disease or Syndrome
SNOMED CT: Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia (237663000)

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas - An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Vilar L, Abucham J, Albuquerque JL, Araujo LA, Azevedo MF, Boguszewski CL, Casulari LA, Cunha Neto MBC, Czepielewski MA, Duarte FHG, Faria MDS, Gadelha MR, Garmes HM, Glezer A, Gurgel MH, Jallad RS, Martins M, Miranda PAC, Montenegro RM, Musolino NRC, Naves LA, Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior A, Silva CMS, Viecceli C, Bronstein MD
Arch Endocrinol Metab 2018 Mar-Apr;62(2):236-263. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000032. PMID: 29768629Free PMC Article
Prolactin excess: treatment and toxicity.
Gillam MP, Fideleff H, Boquete HR, Molitch ME
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2004 Nov;2 Suppl 1:108-14. PMID: 16456489
Hyperprolactinemia: pathophysiology and management.
Verhelst J, Abs R
Treat Endocrinol 2003;2(1):23-32. doi: 10.2165/00024677-200302010-00003. PMID: 15871552

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in women: A Position Statement from the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM).
Benetti-Pinto CL, Prestes Nácul A, Rosa-E-Silva ACJS, Maciel GAR, Dos Santos Nunes Nogueira V, Condé Lamparelli Elias P, Martins M, Kasuki L, Mendes Garmes H, Glezer A
Arch Endocrinol Metab 2024 Apr 5;68:e230504. doi: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0504. PMID: 38578473Free PMC Article
Is idiopathic mild hyperprolactinemia a cardiovascular risk factor?
Koca AO, Dagdeviren M, Akkan T, Keskin M, Pamuk N, Altay M
Niger J Clin Pract 2021 Feb;24(2):213-219. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_178_20. PMID: 33605911
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey.
Eren E, Törel Ergür A, İşgüven ŞP, Çelebi Bitkin E, Berberoğlu M, Şıklar Z, Baş F, Yel S, Baş S, Söbü E, Bereket A, Turan S, Sağlam H, Atay Z, Ercan O, Güran T, Atabek ME, Korkmaz HA, Kılınç Uğurlu A, Akıncı A, Döğer E, Şimşek E, Akbaş ED, Abacı A, Gül Ü, Acar S, Mengen Uçaktürk E, Yıldız M, Ünal E, Tarım Ö
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019 May 28;11(2):149-156. Epub 2018 Nov 5 doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0206. PMID: 30396878Free PMC Article
Dopamine agonists for preventing future miscarriage in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and recurrent miscarriage history.
Chen H, Fu J, Huang W
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Jul 25;7(7):CD008883. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008883.pub2. PMID: 27455388Free PMC Article
Hyperprolactinemia: pathophysiology and management.
Verhelst J, Abs R
Treat Endocrinol 2003;2(1):23-32. doi: 10.2165/00024677-200302010-00003. PMID: 15871552

Diagnosis

True hyperprolactinemia in men without visible pituitary adenoma.
Shimon I, Rudman Y, Manisterski Y, Gorshtein A, Masri H, Duskin-Bitan H
Endocrine 2021 Jun;72(3):809-813. Epub 2021 Feb 10 doi: 10.1007/s12020-021-02624-1. PMID: 33566310
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey.
Eren E, Törel Ergür A, İşgüven ŞP, Çelebi Bitkin E, Berberoğlu M, Şıklar Z, Baş F, Yel S, Baş S, Söbü E, Bereket A, Turan S, Sağlam H, Atay Z, Ercan O, Güran T, Atabek ME, Korkmaz HA, Kılınç Uğurlu A, Akıncı A, Döğer E, Şimşek E, Akbaş ED, Abacı A, Gül Ü, Acar S, Mengen Uçaktürk E, Yıldız M, Ünal E, Tarım Ö
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019 May 28;11(2):149-156. Epub 2018 Nov 5 doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0206. PMID: 30396878Free PMC Article
Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas - An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Vilar L, Abucham J, Albuquerque JL, Araujo LA, Azevedo MF, Boguszewski CL, Casulari LA, Cunha Neto MBC, Czepielewski MA, Duarte FHG, Faria MDS, Gadelha MR, Garmes HM, Glezer A, Gurgel MH, Jallad RS, Martins M, Miranda PAC, Montenegro RM, Musolino NRC, Naves LA, Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior A, Silva CMS, Viecceli C, Bronstein MD
Arch Endocrinol Metab 2018 Mar-Apr;62(2):236-263. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000032. PMID: 29768629Free PMC Article
Macroprolactinemia: new insights in hyperprolactinemia.
Kasum M, Oreskovic S, Zec I, Jezek D, Tomic V, Gall V, Adzic G
Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2012;22(2):171-9. doi: 10.11613/bm.2012.020. PMID: 22838183Free PMC Article
Hyperprolactinemia: pathophysiology and management.
Verhelst J, Abs R
Treat Endocrinol 2003;2(1):23-32. doi: 10.2165/00024677-200302010-00003. PMID: 15871552

Therapy

Is idiopathic mild hyperprolactinemia a cardiovascular risk factor?
Koca AO, Dagdeviren M, Akkan T, Keskin M, Pamuk N, Altay M
Niger J Clin Pract 2021 Feb;24(2):213-219. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_178_20. PMID: 33605911
Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas - An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Vilar L, Abucham J, Albuquerque JL, Araujo LA, Azevedo MF, Boguszewski CL, Casulari LA, Cunha Neto MBC, Czepielewski MA, Duarte FHG, Faria MDS, Gadelha MR, Garmes HM, Glezer A, Gurgel MH, Jallad RS, Martins M, Miranda PAC, Montenegro RM, Musolino NRC, Naves LA, Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior A, Silva CMS, Viecceli C, Bronstein MD
Arch Endocrinol Metab 2018 Mar-Apr;62(2):236-263. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000032. PMID: 29768629Free PMC Article
Prolactin and autoimmunity.
De Bellis A, Bizzarro A, Pivonello R, Lombardi G, Bellastella A
Pituitary 2005;8(1):25-30. doi: 10.1007/s11102-005-5082-5. PMID: 16411065
Prolactin excess: treatment and toxicity.
Gillam MP, Fideleff H, Boquete HR, Molitch ME
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2004 Nov;2 Suppl 1:108-14. PMID: 16456489
Hyperprolactinemia: pathophysiology and management.
Verhelst J, Abs R
Treat Endocrinol 2003;2(1):23-32. doi: 10.2165/00024677-200302010-00003. PMID: 15871552

Prognosis

Is idiopathic mild hyperprolactinemia a cardiovascular risk factor?
Koca AO, Dagdeviren M, Akkan T, Keskin M, Pamuk N, Altay M
Niger J Clin Pract 2021 Feb;24(2):213-219. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_178_20. PMID: 33605911
Association of raised levels of IL-4 and anti-TPO with hyperprolactinemia.
Kalsi AK, Halder A, Jain M, Chaturvedi PK, Mathew M, Sharma JB
Am J Reprod Immunol 2019 Mar;81(3):e13085. Epub 2019 Jan 30 doi: 10.1111/aji.13085. PMID: 30614113
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey.
Eren E, Törel Ergür A, İşgüven ŞP, Çelebi Bitkin E, Berberoğlu M, Şıklar Z, Baş F, Yel S, Baş S, Söbü E, Bereket A, Turan S, Sağlam H, Atay Z, Ercan O, Güran T, Atabek ME, Korkmaz HA, Kılınç Uğurlu A, Akıncı A, Döğer E, Şimşek E, Akbaş ED, Abacı A, Gül Ü, Acar S, Mengen Uçaktürk E, Yıldız M, Ünal E, Tarım Ö
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019 May 28;11(2):149-156. Epub 2018 Nov 5 doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0206. PMID: 30396878Free PMC Article
Estimated age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence of dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia.
Kars M, Souverein PC, Herings RM, Romijn JA, Vandenbroucke JP, de Boer A, Dekkers OM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Aug;94(8):2729-34. Epub 2009 Jun 2 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0177. PMID: 19491225
Clinical history and outcome of 59 patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia.
Sluijmer AV, Lappöhn RE
Fertil Steril 1992 Jul;58(1):72-7. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55139-5. PMID: 1624026

Clinical prediction guides

Is idiopathic mild hyperprolactinemia a cardiovascular risk factor?
Koca AO, Dagdeviren M, Akkan T, Keskin M, Pamuk N, Altay M
Niger J Clin Pract 2021 Feb;24(2):213-219. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_178_20. PMID: 33605911
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey.
Eren E, Törel Ergür A, İşgüven ŞP, Çelebi Bitkin E, Berberoğlu M, Şıklar Z, Baş F, Yel S, Baş S, Söbü E, Bereket A, Turan S, Sağlam H, Atay Z, Ercan O, Güran T, Atabek ME, Korkmaz HA, Kılınç Uğurlu A, Akıncı A, Döğer E, Şimşek E, Akbaş ED, Abacı A, Gül Ü, Acar S, Mengen Uçaktürk E, Yıldız M, Ünal E, Tarım Ö
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019 May 28;11(2):149-156. Epub 2018 Nov 5 doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0206. PMID: 30396878Free PMC Article
Prolactinoma-associated headache and dopamine agonist treatment.
Kallestrup MM, Kasch H, Østerby T, Nielsen E, Jensen TS, Jørgensen JO
Cephalalgia 2014 Jun;34(7):493-502. Epub 2013 Dec 18 doi: 10.1177/0333102413515343. PMID: 24351278
Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dekkers OM, Lagro J, Burman P, Jørgensen JO, Romijn JA, Pereira AM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 Jan;95(1):43-51. Epub 2009 Oct 30 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1238. PMID: 19880787
Prolactin and autoimmunity.
De Bellis A, Bizzarro A, Pivonello R, Lombardi G, Bellastella A
Pituitary 2005;8(1):25-30. doi: 10.1007/s11102-005-5082-5. PMID: 16411065

Recent systematic reviews

Optimal timing of dopamine agonist withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Xia MY, Lou XH, Lin SJ, Wu ZB
Endocrine 2018 Jan;59(1):50-61. Epub 2017 Oct 17 doi: 10.1007/s12020-017-1444-9. PMID: 29043560
Dopamine agonists for preventing future miscarriage in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and recurrent miscarriage history.
Chen H, Fu J, Huang W
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Jul 25;7(7):CD008883. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008883.pub2. PMID: 27455388Free PMC Article
Update on the withdrawal of dopamine agonists in patients with hyperprolactinemia.
Pereira AM
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011 Aug;18(4):264-8. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328347c94a. PMID: 21844709
Cabergoline versus bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis.
dos Santos Nunes V, El Dib R, Boguszewski CL, Nogueira CR
Pituitary 2011 Sep;14(3):259-65. doi: 10.1007/s11102-010-0290-z. PMID: 21221817
Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dekkers OM, Lagro J, Burman P, Jørgensen JO, Romijn JA, Pereira AM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 Jan;95(1):43-51. Epub 2009 Oct 30 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1238. PMID: 19880787

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