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Alopecia totalis

MedGen UID:
75525
Concept ID:
C0263504
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Alopecia, total; Total alopecia
SNOMED CT: Alopecia totalis (19754005); Total alopecia areata (19754005)
Modes of inheritance:
Non-Mendelian inheritance
MedGen UID:
109109
Concept ID:
C0600599
Genetic Function
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that depends on genetic determinants in more than one gene.
 
HPO: HP:0007418
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019080
Orphanet: ORPHA700

Definition

Loss of all scalp hair. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAlopecia totalis
Follow this link to review classifications for Alopecia totalis in Orphanet.

Conditions with this feature

Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
MedGen UID:
56416
Concept ID:
C0162361
Disease or Syndrome
Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2, or Clouston syndrome (referred to as HED2 throughout this GeneReview) is characterized by a triad of major clinical features including partial-to-complete alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Sweating is preserved and there are usually no dental anomalies. Sparse scalp hair and dysplastic nails are seen early in life. In infancy, scalp hair is fine, sparse, and brittle. Progressive hair loss may lead to total alopecia by puberty. The nails may be milky white in early childhood; they gradually become dystrophic, thick, and distally separated from the nail bed. Palmoplantar keratoderma may develop during childhood and increases in severity with age. Associated features may include cutaneous hyperpigmentation (particularly over the joints) and finger clubbing. The clinical manifestations are highly variable even within the same family.
Bullous dystrophy, macular type
MedGen UID:
167089
Concept ID:
C0795974
Disease or Syndrome
Hereditary bullous dystrophy of the macular type (HBDM) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the formation of bullae without evident trauma, hyper- and hypopigmentation, absence of hair at birth, and, in some cases, microcephaly, mildly impaired intellectual development, short conic fingers, and aberrations of nails (summary by Wijker et al., 1995).
Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1
MedGen UID:
337894
Concept ID:
C1849718
Disease or Syndrome
Bartsocas-Papas syndrome-1 (BPS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple popliteal pterygia, ankyloblepharon, filiform bands between the jaws, cleft lip and palate, and syndactyly. Early lethality is common, although survival into childhood and beyond has been reported (summary by Mitchell et al., 2012). Genetic Heterogeneity of Bartsocas-Papas Syndrome Bartsocas-Papas syndrome-2 (BPS2) is caused by mutation in the CHUK gene (600664). A less severe form of popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS; 119500) is caused by mutation in the IRF6 gene (607199).
Alopecia areata 2
MedGen UID:
343971
Concept ID:
C1853104
Disease or Syndrome
Autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia
MedGen UID:
347851
Concept ID:
C1859316
Disease or Syndrome
Palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia-2 (PPKCA2) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital alopecia and progressive hyperkeratosis resulting in sclerodactyly, severe contractures and tapering of the digits, and pseudoainhum formation. Nail changes occur in some patients (Castori et al., 2010). Also see PPKCA1 (104100), a less severe, autosomal dominant disorder.
Alopecia areata 1
MedGen UID:
400208
Concept ID:
C1863094
Disease or Syndrome
Alopecia areata is a genetically determined, immune-mediated disorder of the hair follicle with an estimated lifetime risk of approximately 2%, making it one of the most common human autoimmune diseases. It shows a spectrum of severity that ranges from patchy localized hair loss on the scalp to the complete absence of hair everywhere on the body (Gilhar and Kalish, 2006).
Lethal acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa
MedGen UID:
400622
Concept ID:
C1864826
Disease or Syndrome
Lethal acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa (EBLA) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by extensive epidermal dislodgment, universal alopecia, and anonychia. Cardiac involvement may be present. Death occurs in the neonatal period (summary by Hobbs et al., 2010).
Frontonasal dysplasia with alopecia and genital anomaly
MedGen UID:
462053
Concept ID:
C3150703
Disease or Syndrome
Frontonasal dysplasia-2 (FND2) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by variable degrees of alopecia, skull defects, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge and ridge with notched alae nasi, and abnormal central nervous system findings (summary by Kariminejad et al., 2014).
Olmsted syndrome, X-linked
MedGen UID:
813075
Concept ID:
C3806745
Disease or Syndrome
X-linked Olmsted syndrome (OLMSX) is a rare keratinization disorder characterized by the combination of periorificial keratotic plaques and bilateral palmoplantar transgredient keratoderma. Other clinical manifestations include diffuse alopecia, leukokeratosis of the oral mucosa, onychodystrophy, hyperkeratotic linear streaks, follicular keratosis, and constriction of the digits (summary by Yaghoobi et al., 2007). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Olmsted disease, see OLMS1 (614594).
Immunodeficiency, common variable, 10
MedGen UID:
816321
Concept ID:
C3809991
Disease or Syndrome
Common variable immunodeficiency-10 (CVID10) is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency characterized by childhood-onset of recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and decreased numbers of memory and marginal zone B cells. Some patients may develop autoimmune features and have circulating autoantibodies. An unusual feature is central adrenal insufficiency (summary by Chen et al., 2013). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of common variable immunodeficiency, see CVID1 (607594).
Mitochondrial complex 3 deficiency, nuclear type 10
MedGen UID:
1719382
Concept ID:
C5394051
Disease or Syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Rudnicka L, Arenbergerova M, Grimalt R, Ioannides D, Katoulis AC, Lazaridou E, Olszewska M, Ovcharenko YS, Piraccini BM, Prohic A, Rakowska A, Reygagne P, Richard MA, Soares RO, Starace M, Vañó-Galvan S, Waskiel-Burnat A
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024 Apr;38(4):687-694. Epub 2024 Jan 2 doi: 10.1111/jdv.19768. PMID: 38169088
Zhou C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Dec;61(3):403-423. Epub 2021 Aug 17 doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0. PMID: 34403083
Sterkens A, Lambert J, Bervoets A
Clin Exp Med 2021 May;21(2):215-230. Epub 2021 Jan 1 doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00673-w. PMID: 33386567

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Zhou C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Dec;61(3):403-423. Epub 2021 Aug 17 doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0. PMID: 34403083
Afford R, Leung AKC, Lam JM
Curr Pediatr Rev 2021;17(1):45-54. doi: 10.2174/1573396316666200430084825. PMID: 32351186
Simakou T, Butcher JP, Reid S, Henriquez FL
J Autoimmun 2019 Mar;98:74-85. Epub 2018 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.12.001. PMID: 30558963
Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM, Shapiro J
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jan;78(1):15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1142. PMID: 29241773
Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM, Shapiro J
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jan;78(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141. PMID: 29241771

Diagnosis

Lim SH, Ju HJ, Han JH, Lee JH, Lee WS, Bae JM, Lee S
JAMA Netw Open 2023 Oct 2;6(10):e2336120. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36120. PMID: 37801317Free PMC Article
Zhou C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Dec;61(3):403-423. Epub 2021 Aug 17 doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0. PMID: 34403083
Sterkens A, Lambert J, Bervoets A
Clin Exp Med 2021 May;21(2):215-230. Epub 2021 Jan 1 doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00673-w. PMID: 33386567
Afford R, Leung AKC, Lam JM
Curr Pediatr Rev 2021;17(1):45-54. doi: 10.2174/1573396316666200430084825. PMID: 32351186
Cranwell WC, Lai VW, Photiou L, Meah N, Wall D, Rathnayake D, Joseph S, Chitreddy V, Gunatheesan S, Sindhu K, Sharma P, Green J, Eisman S, Yip L, Jones L, Sinclair R
Australas J Dermatol 2019 May;60(2):163-170. Epub 2018 Nov 8 doi: 10.1111/ajd.12941. PMID: 30411329

Therapy

Rudnicka L, Arenbergerova M, Grimalt R, Ioannides D, Katoulis AC, Lazaridou E, Olszewska M, Ovcharenko YS, Piraccini BM, Prohic A, Rakowska A, Reygagne P, Richard MA, Soares RO, Starace M, Vañó-Galvan S, Waskiel-Burnat A
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024 Apr;38(4):687-694. Epub 2024 Jan 2 doi: 10.1111/jdv.19768. PMID: 38169088
King BA, Craiglow BG
J Am Acad Dermatol 2023 Aug;89(2S):S29-S32. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.049. PMID: 37591562
Sterkens A, Lambert J, Bervoets A
Clin Exp Med 2021 May;21(2):215-230. Epub 2021 Jan 1 doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00673-w. PMID: 33386567
Afford R, Leung AKC, Lam JM
Curr Pediatr Rev 2021;17(1):45-54. doi: 10.2174/1573396316666200430084825. PMID: 32351186
Simakou T, Butcher JP, Reid S, Henriquez FL
J Autoimmun 2019 Mar;98:74-85. Epub 2018 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.12.001. PMID: 30558963

Prognosis

Sterkens A, Lambert J, Bervoets A
Clin Exp Med 2021 May;21(2):215-230. Epub 2021 Jan 1 doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00673-w. PMID: 33386567
Afford R, Leung AKC, Lam JM
Curr Pediatr Rev 2021;17(1):45-54. doi: 10.2174/1573396316666200430084825. PMID: 32351186
Cranwell WC, Lai VW, Photiou L, Meah N, Wall D, Rathnayake D, Joseph S, Chitreddy V, Gunatheesan S, Sindhu K, Sharma P, Green J, Eisman S, Yip L, Jones L, Sinclair R
Australas J Dermatol 2019 May;60(2):163-170. Epub 2018 Nov 8 doi: 10.1111/ajd.12941. PMID: 30411329
Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM, Shapiro J
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jan;78(1):15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1142. PMID: 29241773
Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM, Shapiro J
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jan;78(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141. PMID: 29241771

Clinical prediction guides

Rudnicka L, Arenbergerova M, Grimalt R, Ioannides D, Katoulis AC, Lazaridou E, Olszewska M, Ovcharenko YS, Piraccini BM, Prohic A, Rakowska A, Reygagne P, Richard MA, Soares RO, Starace M, Vañó-Galvan S, Waskiel-Burnat A
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024 Apr;38(4):687-694. Epub 2024 Jan 2 doi: 10.1111/jdv.19768. PMID: 38169088
Dainichi T, Iwata M, Kaku Y
J Dermatol Sci 2023 Dec;112(3):120-127. Epub 2023 Oct 11 doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.09.008. PMID: 37833164
Afford R, Leung AKC, Lam JM
Curr Pediatr Rev 2021;17(1):45-54. doi: 10.2174/1573396316666200430084825. PMID: 32351186
Lee HH, Gwillim E, Patel KR, Hua T, Rastogi S, Ibler E, Silverberg JI
J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Mar;82(3):675-682. Epub 2019 Aug 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.032. PMID: 31437543
Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM, Shapiro J
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Jan;78(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141. PMID: 29241771

Recent systematic reviews

Mateos-Haro M, Novoa-Candia M, Sánchez Vanegas G, Correa-Pérez A, Gaetano Gil A, Fernández-García S, Ortega-Quijano D, Urueña Rodriguez MG, Saceda-Corralo D, Bennouna-Dalero T, Giraldo L, Tomlinson J, Vaño-Galván S, Zamora J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Oct 23;10(10):CD013719. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013719.pub2. PMID: 37870096Free PMC Article
Waśkiel-Burnat A, Kołodziejak M, Sikora M, Stochmal A, Rakowska A, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Jun;35(6):1299-1308. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17187. PMID: 33630354
Lee HH, Gwillim E, Patel KR, Hua T, Rastogi S, Ibler E, Silverberg JI
J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Mar;82(3):675-682. Epub 2019 Aug 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.032. PMID: 31437543
Mohan GC, Silverberg JI
JAMA Dermatol 2015 May;151(5):522-8. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3324. PMID: 25471826
Delamere FM, Sladden MM, Dobbins HM, Leonardi-Bee J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD004413. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004413.pub2. PMID: 18425901

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