U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Pelvic inflammatory disease

MedGen UID:
66845
Concept ID:
C0242172
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Disease, Inflammatory Pelvic; Disease, Pelvic Inflammatory; Diseases, Inflammatory Pelvic; Diseases, Pelvic Inflammatory; Inflammatory Disease, Pelvic; Inflammatory Diseases, Pelvic; Inflammatory Pelvic Disease; Inflammatory Pelvic Diseases; Pelvic Disease, Inflammatory; Pelvic Diseases, Inflammatory; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
SNOMED CT: Female pelvic inflammation (198130006); PID - pelvic inflammatory disease (198130006); Female pelvic inflammatory disease (198130006); Pelvic inflammatory disease (198130006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000922

Definition

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an acute or chronic inflammation in the pelvic cavity. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia and gonorrhea that have ascended into the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries as a result of intercourse or childbirth, or of surgical procedures, including insertion of IUDs or abortion. PID may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. It may cause infertility and it may raise the risk of ectopic pregnancy. PID is a disease associated with HIV infection. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I, Reno H, Zenilman JM, Bolan GA
MMWR Recomm Rep 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1. PMID: 34292926Free PMC Article
Hendriks E, Rosenberg R, Prine L
Am Fam Physician 2020 May 15;101(10):599-606. PMID: 32412215
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hunt S, Vollenhoven B
Aust J Gen Pract 2023 Apr;52(4):215-218. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-09-22-6576. PMID: 37021447
Shroff S
Med Clin North Am 2023 Mar;107(2):299-315. Epub 2022 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.009. PMID: 36759099
Ravel J, Moreno I, Simón C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;224(3):251-257. Epub 2020 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.019. PMID: 33091407
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362
Mitchell C, Prabhu M
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013 Dec;27(4):793-809. Epub 2013 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.004. PMID: 24275271Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Hunt S, Vollenhoven B
Aust J Gen Pract 2023 Apr;52(4):215-218. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-09-22-6576. PMID: 37021447
Frock-Welnak DN, Tam J
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022 Sep;49(3):551-579. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.019. PMID: 36122985
Ravel J, Moreno I, Simón C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;224(3):251-257. Epub 2020 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.019. PMID: 33091407
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362
Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J
N Engl J Med 2015 May 21;372(21):2039-48. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID: 25992748

Therapy

Frock-Welnak DN, Tam J
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022 Sep;49(3):551-579. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.019. PMID: 36122985
Amini L, Chekini R, Nateghi MR, Haghani H, Jamialahmadi T, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A
Pain Res Manag 2021;2021:5529741. Epub 2021 May 26 doi: 10.1155/2021/5529741. PMID: 34122682Free PMC Article
Savaris RF, Fuhrich DG, Maissiat J, Duarte RV, Ross J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 20;8(8):CD010285. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010285.pub3. PMID: 32820536Free PMC Article
Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J
N Engl J Med 2015 May 21;372(21):2039-48. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID: 25992748
Mitchell C, Prabhu M
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013 Dec;27(4):793-809. Epub 2013 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.004. PMID: 24275271Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Hillier SL, Bernstein KT, Aral S
J Infect Dis 2021 Aug 16;224(12 Suppl 2):S23-S28. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab116. PMID: 34396398Free PMC Article
Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, de Vries HJC, Francis SC, Mabey D, Marrazzo JM, Sonder GJB, Schwebke JR, Hoornenborg E, Peeling RW, Philip SS, Low N, Fairley CK
Lancet Infect Dis 2017 Aug;17(8):e235-e279. Epub 2017 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30310-9. PMID: 28701272
Czeyda-Pommersheim F, Kalb B, Costello J, Liau J, Meshksar A, Arif Tiwari H, Martin D
Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017 Mar;42(3):935-950. doi: 10.1007/s00261-016-1004-4. PMID: 27933478
Skerlev M, Čulav-Košćak I
Clin Dermatol 2014 Mar-Apr;32(2):275-81. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.010. PMID: 24559563
Yang SF, Wu TF, Tsai HT, Lin LY, Wang PH
Clin Chim Acta 2014 Apr 20;431:118-24. Epub 2014 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.02.004. PMID: 24525211

Clinical prediction guides

Xu SX, Gray-Owen SD
J Infect Dis 2021 Aug 16;224(12 Suppl 2):S56-S63. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab227. PMID: 34396410Free PMC Article
Donnez J, Donnez O, Orellana R, Binda MM, Dolmans MM
Panminerva Med 2016 Jun;58(2):143-50. Epub 2016 Feb 2 PMID: 26837776
Duarte R, Fuhrich D, Ross JD
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015 Sep;46(3):272-7. Epub 2015 Jun 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.05.004. PMID: 26126798
Yang SF, Wu TF, Tsai HT, Lin LY, Wang PH
Clin Chim Acta 2014 Apr 20;431:118-24. Epub 2014 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.02.004. PMID: 24525211
Ross JD
BMJ Clin Evid 2008 Mar 10;2008 PMID: 19450319Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Marcinkowski KA, Mehta V, Mercier R, Berghella V
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022 Jul;4(4):100643. Epub 2022 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100643. PMID: 35405372
Ayinde O, Hayward RS, Ross JDC
PLoS One 2021;16(5):e0250883. Epub 2021 May 3 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250883. PMID: 33939726Free PMC Article
Savaris RF, Fuhrich DG, Maissiat J, Duarte RV, Ross J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 20;8(8):CD010285. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010285.pub3. PMID: 32820536Free PMC Article
Jatlaoui TC, Riley HEM, Curtis KM
Contraception 2017 Jan;95(1):17-39. Epub 2016 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.006. PMID: 27771475Free PMC Article
Ross JD
BMJ Clin Evid 2013 Dec 11;2013 PMID: 24330771Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...