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Uremia

MedGen UID:: 12008
•Concept ID:: C0041948
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonym:	Uremias
SNOMED CT:	Uremia (44730006)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0007008

Definition

A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of renal insufficiency. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen catabolism, such as urea or creatinine. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVUremia

Congenital Systemic Disorder
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
  - Abnormality of the urinary system
    - Abnormality of the urinary system physiology
      - Abnormal renal physiology
        Kidney disorder
        Uremia
        Azotemia
        Hyperammonemia
        Acute hyperammonemia
        Asymptomatic hyperammonemia
        Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome
        Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with complement gene abnormality
        Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-4
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with anti-factor H antibodies
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with B factor anomaly
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with C3 anomaly
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with I factor anomaly
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with MCP/CD46 anomaly
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with thrombomodulin anomaly
        Familial Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
        Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, childhood
        Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to
        Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to, 1
        Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome with DGKE deficiency
        Cobalamin C disease
        D-minus hemolytic uremic syndrome (D-HUS)
        D-plus hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS)
        Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
        Infection-related hemolytic uremic syndrome
        Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
        Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Delirium in critical illness: clinical manifestations, outcomes, and management.

Stollings JL, Kotfis K, Chanques G, Pun BT, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW
Intensive Care Med 2021 Oct;47(10):1089-1103. Epub 2021 Aug 16 doi: 10.1007/s00134-021-06503-1. PMID: 34401939 Free PMC Article

Glycemic Monitoring and Management in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Galindo RJ, Beck RW, Scioscia MF, Umpierrez GE, Tuttle KR
Endocr Rev 2020 Oct 1;41(5):756-74. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa017. PMID: 32455432 Free PMC Article

Cognitive Impairment in CKD: Pathophysiology, Management, and Prevention.

Drew DA, Weiner DE, Sarnak MJ
Am J Kidney Dis 2019 Dec;74(6):782-790. Epub 2019 Aug 1 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.017. PMID: 31378643 Free PMC Article

See all (371)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Uremic encephalopathy.

Rosner MH, Husain-Syed F, Reis T, Ronco C, Vanholder R
Kidney Int 2022 Feb;101(2):227-241. Epub 2021 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.025. PMID: 34736971

Kidney Disease and Epilepsy.

Sazgar M
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Sep;30(9):105651. Epub 2021 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105651. PMID: 33581988

Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Uremia-Related Cardiovascular Disease.

Tonelli M, Karumanchi SA, Thadhani R
Circulation 2016 Feb 2;133(5):518-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018713. PMID: 26831434

Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora.

Vaziri ND, Wong J, Pahl M, Piceno YM, Yuan J, DeSantis TZ, Ni Z, Nguyen TH, Andersen GL
Kidney Int 2013 Feb;83(2):308-15. Epub 2012 Sep 19 doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.345. PMID: 22992469

Selenium in uremia.

Bonomini M, Albertazzi A
Artif Organs 1995 May;19(5):443-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02357.x. PMID: 7625925

See all (4322)

Diagnosis

Uremic stomatitis.

Kidd JM, Patrick K, Sriperumbuduri S
Kidney Int 2024 Aug;106(2):319. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.03.023. PMID: 39032970

Uremic encephalopathy.

Rosner MH, Husain-Syed F, Reis T, Ronco C, Vanholder R
Kidney Int 2022 Feb;101(2):227-241. Epub 2021 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.025. PMID: 34736971

Kidney Disease and Epilepsy.

Sazgar M
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Sep;30(9):105651. Epub 2021 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105651. PMID: 33581988

Seizures, Antiepileptic Drugs, and CKD.

Títoff V, Moury HN, Títoff IB, Kelly KM
Am J Kidney Dis 2019 Jan;73(1):90-101. Epub 2018 May 18 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.03.021. PMID: 29784616

Sleep Disorders, Restless Legs Syndrome, and Uremic Pruritus: Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Symptoms in Dialysis Patients.

Scherer JS, Combs SA, Brennan F
Am J Kidney Dis 2017 Jan;69(1):117-128. Epub 2016 Sep 29 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.07.031. PMID: 27693261 Free PMC Article

See all (2568)

Therapy

Protective effect of activated charcoal against progression of chronic kidney disease: A randomized clinical study.

Rahman WK, Rabea IS, Meizel MM
J Med Life 2023 Sep;16(9):1310-1315. doi: 10.25122/jml-2023-0128. PMID: 38107705 Free PMC Article

Uremic encephalopathy.

Rosner MH, Husain-Syed F, Reis T, Ronco C, Vanholder R
Kidney Int 2022 Feb;101(2):227-241. Epub 2021 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.025. PMID: 34736971

CRRT for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

Romagnoli S, Ricci Z, Ronco C
Curr Opin Crit Care 2018 Dec;24(6):483-492. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000544. PMID: 30239411

Clinical trials in minimal change disease.

Ravani P, Bertelli E, Gill S, Ghiggeri GM
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017 Jan 1;32(suppl_1):i7-i13. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw235. PMID: 28391333

Nonhematological benefits of iron.

Agarwal R
Am J Nephrol 2007;27(6):565-71. Epub 2007 Sep 5 doi: 10.1159/000107927. PMID: 17804903

See all (5018)

Prognosis

Uremic- and Dialysis-Associated Pericarditis.

Chugh S, Singh J, Kichloo A, Gupta S, Katchi T, Solanki S
Cardiol Rev 2021 Nov-Dec 01;29(6):310-313. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000381. PMID: 33337656

Cognitive Impairment in CKD: Pathophysiology, Management, and Prevention.

Drew DA, Weiner DE, Sarnak MJ
Am J Kidney Dis 2019 Dec;74(6):782-790. Epub 2019 Aug 1 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.017. PMID: 31378643 Free PMC Article

Symptom Cluster Science in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Literature Review.

Lockwood MB, Chung S, Puzantian H, Bronas UG, Ryan CJ, Park C, DeVon HA
West J Nurs Res 2019 Jul;41(7):1056-1091. Epub 2018 Oct 31 doi: 10.1177/0193945918808766. PMID: 30378466

Uremic pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and constrictive pericarditis in end-stage renal disease: Insights and pathophysiology.

Rehman KA, Betancor J, Xu B, Kumar A, Rivas CG, Sato K, Wong LP, Asher CR, Klein AL
Clin Cardiol 2017 Oct;40(10):839-846. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1002/clc.22770. PMID: 28873222 Free PMC Article

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: what have we learned?

Goodlad C, Brown EA
Semin Nephrol 2011 Mar;31(2):183-98. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.01.007. PMID: 21439432

See all (1932)

Clinical prediction guides

Kidney Disease and Epilepsy.

Sazgar M
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Sep;30(9):105651. Epub 2021 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105651. PMID: 33581988

A Phase 3 Trial of Difelikefalin in Hemodialysis Patients with Pruritus.

Fishbane S, Jamal A, Munera C, Wen W, Menzaghi F; KALM-1 Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 16;382(3):222-232. Epub 2019 Nov 8 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912770. PMID: 31702883

Uremia Retention Molecules and Clinical Outcomes.

Barreto FC, Barreto DV, Canziani MEF
Contrib Nephrol 2017;191:18-31. Epub 2017 Sep 14 doi: 10.1159/000479253. PMID: 28910788

Neurological Complications of Renal Disease.

Baluarte JH
Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017 Feb;24(1):25-32. Epub 2016 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.12.004. PMID: 28779862

Residual renal function: a paradigm shift.

Lowenstein J, Grantham JJ
Kidney Int 2017 Mar;91(3):561-565. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.052. PMID: 28202171

See all (2714)

Recent systematic reviews

Sulforaphane exhibits potent renoprotective effects in preclinical models of kidney diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Monteiro EB, Ajackson M, Stockler-Pinto MB, Guebre-Egziabher F, Daleprane JB, Soulage CO
Life Sci 2023 Jun 1;322:121664. Epub 2023 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121664. PMID: 37023957

Demand for Water-Soluble Vitamins in a Group of Patients with CKD versus Interventions and Supplementation-A Systematic Review.

Kędzierska-Kapuza K, Szczuko U, Stolińska H, Bakaloudi DR, Wierzba W, Szczuko M
Nutrients 2023 Feb 8;15(4) doi: 10.3390/nu15040860. PMID: 36839219 Free PMC Article

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Using Acupuncture and Acupressure for Uremic Pruritus.

Badiee Aval S, Ravanshad Y, Azarfar A, Mehrad-Majd H, Torabi S, Ravanshad S
Iran J Kidney Dis 2018 Mar;12(2):78-83. PMID: 29507269

Treatment of Uremic Pruritus: A Systematic Review.

Simonsen E, Komenda P, Lerner B, Askin N, Bohm C, Shaw J, Tangri N, Rigatto C
Am J Kidney Dis 2017 Nov;70(5):638-655. Epub 2017 Jul 15 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.05.018. PMID: 28720208

Factors affecting A1C in non-diabetic individuals: Review and meta-analysis.

Cavagnolli G, Pimentel AL, Freitas PA, Gross JL, Camargo JL
Clin Chim Acta 2015 May 20;445:107-14. Epub 2015 Mar 27 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.03.024. PMID: 25818244

See all (46)

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Uremia

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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