U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Substance dependence

MedGen UID:
20989
Concept ID:
C0038580
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Addiction, Substance; Chemical Dependence; Chemical Dependences; Dependence, Chemical; Dependence, Substance; Dependences, Chemical; Substance Addiction; Substance Dependence
SNOMED CT: Substance dependence (1254812006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004938

Definition

The psychological or physiological need to take a substance in order to experience its effects or to avoid the effects of its absence. [from MONDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Howes OD, Thase ME, Pillinger T
Mol Psychiatry 2022 Jan;27(1):58-72. Epub 2021 Jul 13 doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01200-3. PMID: 34257409Free PMC Article
Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, Lahiri D, Lavie CJ
Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):779-788. Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035. PMID: 32526627Free PMC Article
Lam LC, Wong CS, Wang MJ, Chan WC, Chen EY, Ng RM, Hung SF, Cheung EF, Sham PC, Chiu HF, Lam M, Chang WC, Lee EH, Chiang TP, Lau JT, van Os J, Lewis G, Bebbington P
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015 Sep;50(9):1379-88. Epub 2015 Feb 8 doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1014-5. PMID: 25660760

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Grant B, Hyams E, Davies R, Minhas S, Jayasena CN
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024 Aug;1538(1):56-70. Epub 2024 Jul 23 doi: 10.1111/nyas.15187. PMID: 39041466
Horigian VE, Anderson AR, Szapocznik J
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2016 Oct;25(4):603-28. Epub 2016 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2016.06.001. PMID: 27613341Free PMC Article
Yuodelis-Flores C, Ries RK
Am J Addict 2015 Mar;24(2):98-104. Epub 2015 Feb 2 doi: 10.1111/ajad.12185. PMID: 25644860
Wang JC, Kapoor M, Goate AM
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2012;13:241-61. Epub 2012 Jun 11 doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163844. PMID: 22703173Free PMC Article
Martinove M
Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2010 Mar;12(1):295-300. PMID: 20305305

Diagnosis

Hasanović M, Kuldija A, Pajević I, Jakovljević M, Hasanović M
Psychiatr Danub 2021 Spring-Summer;33(Suppl 4):1118-1129. PMID: 35354178
Nathan PE, Conrad M, Skinstad AH
Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2016;12:29-51. Epub 2015 Nov 11 doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093546. PMID: 26565120
Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi JH, Kim DJ
PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56936. Epub 2013 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936. PMID: 23468893Free PMC Article
Hall M
Home Healthc Nurse 2012 Oct;30(9):543-50; quiz 550-2. doi: 10.1097/NHH.0b013e31826a6719. PMID: 23026991
Martinove M
Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2010 Mar;12(1):295-300. PMID: 20305305

Therapy

Abbar M, Demattei C, El-Hage W, Llorca PM, Samalin L, Demaricourt P, Gaillard R, Courtet P, Vaiva G, Gorwood P, Fabbro P, Jollant F
BMJ 2022 Feb 2;376:e067194. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067194. PMID: 35110300Free PMC Article
Malinky CA, Lindsley CW, Han C
ACS Chem Neurosci 2021 Aug 18;12(16):2964-2973. Epub 2021 Aug 4 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00382. PMID: 34346690
Tinland A, Loubière S, Boucekine M, Boyer L, Fond G, Girard V, Auquier P
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020 Sep 30;29:e169. doi: 10.1017/S2045796020000785. PMID: 32996442Free PMC Article
Mejia-Lancheros C, Lachaud J, O'Campo P, Wiens K, Nisenbaum R, Wang R, Hwang SW, Stergiopoulos V
PLoS One 2020;15(2):e0229385. Epub 2020 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229385. PMID: 32106225Free PMC Article
Rodrigues AV, Almeida FJ, Vieira-Coelho MA
J Psychoactive Drugs 2019 Sep-Oct;51(4):299-310. Epub 2019 Apr 25 doi: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1602291. PMID: 31018803

Prognosis

Mejia-Lancheros C, Lachaud J, O'Campo P, Wiens K, Nisenbaum R, Wang R, Hwang SW, Stergiopoulos V
PLoS One 2020;15(2):e0229385. Epub 2020 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229385. PMID: 32106225Free PMC Article
Heinz A, Daedelow LS, Wackerhagen C, Di Chiara G
Addict Biol 2020 Mar;25(2):e12735. Epub 2019 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/adb.12735. PMID: 30896084
Palmu R, Partonen T, Suominen K, Vuola J
Burns 2019 Feb;45(1):63-68. Epub 2018 Oct 2 doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.017. PMID: 30286951
Peacock A, Leung J, Larney S, Colledge S, Hickman M, Rehm J, Giovino GA, West R, Hall W, Griffiths P, Ali R, Gowing L, Marsden J, Ferrari AJ, Grebely J, Farrell M, Degenhardt L
Addiction 2018 Oct;113(10):1905-1926. Epub 2018 Jun 4 doi: 10.1111/add.14234. PMID: 29749059
Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Belsky D, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Houts R, Poulton R, Roberts BW, Ross S, Sears MR, Thomson WM, Caspi A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Feb 15;108(7):2693-8. Epub 2011 Jan 24 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010076108. PMID: 21262822Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Kun B, Alpay P, Bodó V, Molnár Á, Horváth A, Karsai S, Somlai RS, Takacs ZK, Kökönyei G
Clin Psychol Rev 2023 Jul;103:102297. Epub 2023 Jun 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102297. PMID: 37290244
Mejia-Lancheros C, Lachaud J, O'Campo P, Wiens K, Nisenbaum R, Wang R, Hwang SW, Stergiopoulos V
PLoS One 2020;15(2):e0229385. Epub 2020 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229385. PMID: 32106225Free PMC Article
Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD
Psychol Addict Behav 2016 Feb;30(1):113-21. doi: 10.1037/adb0000136. PMID: 26866783
Goudriaan AE
Addiction 2014 Jul;109(7):1066-71. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1111/add.12213. PMID: 23742239
Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi JH, Kim DJ
PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56936. Epub 2013 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936. PMID: 23468893Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Kaminski D, Reinert JP
Ann Pharmacother 2024 Aug;58(8):811-826. Epub 2023 Oct 30 doi: 10.1177/10600280231205645. PMID: 37902038
Chen T, Tan H, Lei H, Li X, Wu Q, Xu X, Ye Y, Zhong N, Du J, Jiang H, Su H, Zhao M
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021 Sep 30;315:111329. Epub 2021 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111329. PMID: 34271295
de Andrade D, Ritchie J, Rowlands M, Mann E, Hides L
Epidemiol Rev 2018 Jun 1;40(1):121-133. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxy004. PMID: 29733373
Tofighi B, Nicholson JM, McNeely J, Muench F, Lee JD
Drug Alcohol Rev 2017 Jul;36(4):477-491. Epub 2017 May 5 doi: 10.1111/dar.12535. PMID: 28474374
Dhalla S, Zumbo BD, Poole G
Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2011 Mar;4(1):57-64. doi: 10.2174/1874473711104010057. PMID: 21466499

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...