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Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)

MedGen UID:
21345
•Concept ID:
C0038436
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: PTSD
SNOMED CT: Traumatic neurosis (47505003); PTSD - Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Post-traumatic stress syndrome (47505003); Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Posttraumatic stress disorder (47505003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005146

Definition

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-traumatic stress disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

A Review of PTSD and Current Treatment Strategies.
Schrader C, Ross A
Mo Med 2021 Nov-Dec;118(6):546-551. PMID: 34924624Free PMC Article
Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review.
Smith PJ, Merwin RM
Annu Rev Med 2021 Jan 27;72:45-62. Epub 2020 Nov 30 doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022943. PMID: 33256493Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States: a systematic literature review.
Schein J, Houle C, Urganus A, Cloutier M, Patterson-Lomba O, Wang Y, King S, Levinson W, Guérin A, Lefebvre P, Davis LL
Curr Med Res Opin 2021 Dec;37(12):2151-2161. Epub 2021 Sep 23 doi: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1978417. PMID: 34498953
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Anxiety.
Dean E
Nurs Stand 2016 Jul 13;30(46):15. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.46.15.s17. PMID: 27406490
Prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Trauma: Current Evidence and Future Directions.
Qi W, Gevonden M, Shalev A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016 Feb;18(2):20. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0655-0. PMID: 26800995Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Merians AN, Spiller T, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH
Med Clin North Am 2023 Jan;107(1):85-99. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.003. PMID: 36402502
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
Maercker A, Cloitre M, Bachem R, Schlumpf YR, Khoury B, Hitchcock C, Bohus M
Lancet 2022 Jul 2;400(10345):60-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00821-2. PMID: 35780794
A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Post-traumatic stress disorder: theory and treatment update.
Kirkpatrick HA, Heller GM
Int J Psychiatry Med 2014;47(4):337-46. doi: 10.2190/PM.47.4.h. PMID: 25084856

Therapy

Family presence during resuscitation.
Afzali Rubin M, Svensson TL, Herling SF, Jabre P, Møller AM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 May 9;5(5):CD013619. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013619.pub2. PMID: 37159193Free PMC Article
Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
25 years of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): The EMDR therapy protocol, hypotheses of its mechanism of action and a systematic review of its efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Valiente-Gómez A, Lupo W, García F, Fernández I, Pérez V, Amann BL
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2018 Apr-Jun;11(2):101-114. Epub 2016 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002. PMID: 26877093
Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit.
Hu RF, Jiang XY, Chen J, Zeng Z, Chen XY, Li Y, Huining X, Evans DJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Oct 6;2015(10):CD008808. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008808.pub2. PMID: 26439374Free PMC Article
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Severe Maternal Morbidity.
Small MJ, Gondwe KW, Brown HL
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020 Sep;47(3):453-461. Epub 2020 May 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.04.004. PMID: 32762930
EMDR therapy in children and adolescents who have post-traumatic stress disorder: a six-week follow-up study.
Karadag M, Gokcen C, Sarp AS
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020 Mar;24(1):77-82. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1682171. PMID: 31663396
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease.
Edmondson D, von Känel R
Lancet Psychiatry 2017 Apr;4(4):320-329. Epub 2017 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30377-7. PMID: 28109646Free PMC Article
Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis.
Alisic E, Zalta AK, van Wesel F, Larsen SE, Hafstad GS, Hassanpour K, Smid GE
Br J Psychiatry 2014;204:335-40. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131227. PMID: 24785767

Clinical prediction guides

Dissecting the causal association between inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Zuo C, Zhuang Z, Yang P, Zhang H, Li X, Huang T, Ahluwalia TS
J Affect Disord 2023 Jul 15;333:436-445. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080. PMID: 37086801
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among U.S. Army Drone Operators.
Nelson DA, Wilson M, Kurina LM
Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022 Jul 1;93(7):562-570. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.6016.2022. PMID: 35859303
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Trial of Prazosin for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans.
Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Chow B, Harris C, Davis-Karim A, Holmes HA, Hart KL, McFall M, Mellman TA, Reist C, Romesser J, Rosenheck R, Shih MC, Stein MB, Swift R, Gleason T, Lu Y, Huang GD
N Engl J Med 2018 Feb 8;378(6):507-517. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507598. PMID: 29414272
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic disease: improving causal inference to inform practice.
Koenen KC, Sumner JA, Gilsanz P, Glymour MM, Ratanatharathorn A, Rimm EB, Roberts AL, Winning A, Kubzansky LD
Psychol Med 2017 Jan;47(2):209-225. Epub 2016 Oct 4 doi: 10.1017/S0033291716002294. PMID: 27697083Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Assessment tools for complex post traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review.
Seiler N, Davoodi K, Keem M, Das S
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023 Sep;27(3):292-300. Epub 2023 Apr 17 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2197965. PMID: 37067395
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological well-being, burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ramachandran HJ, Bin Mahmud MS, Rajendran P, Jiang Y, Cheng L, Wang W
J Clin Nurs 2023 Jun;32(11-12):2323-2338. Epub 2022 Feb 20 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16265. PMID: 35187740
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Hudays A, Gallagher R, Hazazi A, Arishi A, Bahari G
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Dec 15;19(24) doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416836. PMID: 36554717Free PMC Article
Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review.
Hailes HP, Yu R, Danese A, Fazel S
Lancet Psychiatry 2019 Oct;6(10):830-839. Epub 2019 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30286-X. PMID: 31519507Free PMC Article
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yildiz PD, Ayers S, Phillips L
J Affect Disord 2017 Jan 15;208:634-645. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009. PMID: 27865585

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