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Rheumatic Fever

MedGen UID:
48448
•Concept ID:
C0035436
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Acute Rheumatic Fever; Inflammatory Rheumatism
SNOMED CT: Acute rheumatic arthritis (81077008); Acute rheumatic fever (195528001); ARF - acute rheumatic fever (195528001); Acute arthritis due to acute rheumatic fever (81077008); Acute rheumatic fever with acute arthritis (81077008); RhF - Rheumatic fever (58718002); Rheumatic fever (58718002)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0017767
Orphanet: ORPHA3099

Definition

Rheumatic fever (RF) is a multisystem inflammatory disease occurring as a post-infectious, nonsuppurative sequela of untreated streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus [GAS]) pharyngitis, and mainly occurs in individuals aged 5 to 15 years. The most common presenting signs are fever, migratory polyarthritis and carditis. [from ORDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Pharyngitis: Approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Sykes EA, Wu V, Beyea MM, Simpson MTW, Beyea JA
Can Fam Physician 2020 Apr;66(4):251-257. PMID: 32273409Free PMC Article
Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association.
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, Barsic B, Lockhart PB, Gewitz MH, Levison ME, Bolger AF, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Fink AM, O'Gara P, Taubert KA; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council
Circulation 2015 Oct 13;132(15):1435-86. Epub 2015 Sep 15 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000296. PMID: 26373316

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Holloway AR
Pediatr Ann 2022 Dec;51(12):e457-e460. Epub 2022 Dec 1 doi: 10.3928/19382359-20221006-03. PMID: 36476197
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in the United States.
de Loizaga SR, Beaton AZ
Pediatr Ann 2021 Mar;50(3):e98-e104. Epub 2021 Mar 1 doi: 10.3928/19382359-20210221-01. PMID: 34038651
Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Lahiri S, Sanyahumbi A
Pediatr Rev 2021 May;42(5):221-232. doi: 10.1542/pir.2019-0288. PMID: 33931507
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Children.
Arvind B, Ramakrishnan S
Indian J Pediatr 2020 Apr;87(4):305-311. Epub 2020 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s12098-019-03128-7. PMID: 31925717
Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, Sable CA, Shulman ST, Carapetis J, Remenyi B, Taubert KA, Bolger AF, Beerman L, Mayosi BM, Beaton A, Pandian NG, Kaplan EL; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young
Circulation 2015 May 19;131(20):1806-18. Epub 2015 Apr 23 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000205. PMID: 25908771

Diagnosis

Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Holloway AR
Pediatr Ann 2022 Dec;51(12):e457-e460. Epub 2022 Dec 1 doi: 10.3928/19382359-20221006-03. PMID: 36476197
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in the United States.
de Loizaga SR, Beaton AZ
Pediatr Ann 2021 Mar;50(3):e98-e104. Epub 2021 Mar 1 doi: 10.3928/19382359-20210221-01. PMID: 34038651
Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Lahiri S, Sanyahumbi A
Pediatr Rev 2021 May;42(5):221-232. doi: 10.1542/pir.2019-0288. PMID: 33931507
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Children.
Arvind B, Ramakrishnan S
Indian J Pediatr 2020 Apr;87(4):305-311. Epub 2020 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s12098-019-03128-7. PMID: 31925717
Acute rheumatic fever.
Webb RH, Grant C, Harnden A
BMJ 2015 Jul 14;351:h3443. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3443. PMID: 26175053

Therapy

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: updates in diagnosis and treatment.
Rwebembera J, Beaton A
Curr Opin Pediatr 2024 Oct 1;36(5):496-502. Epub 2024 Jul 22 doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001384. PMID: 39254753
Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
Hedin K, Thorning S, van Driel ML
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Nov 15;11(11):CD004406. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub6. PMID: 37965935Free PMC Article
Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults.
Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Dec 9;12(12):CD000023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub5. PMID: 34881426Free PMC Article
Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
van Driel ML, De Sutter AI, Thorning S, Christiaens T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Mar 17;3(3):CD004406. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub5. PMID: 33728634Free PMC Article
Acute rheumatic fever.
Webb RH, Grant C, Harnden A
BMJ 2015 Jul 14;351:h3443. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3443. PMID: 26175053

Prognosis

Autoimmune diseases and new-onset atrial fibrillation: a UK Biobank study.
Tilly MJ, Geurts S, Zhu F, Bos MM, Ikram MA, de Maat MPM, de Groot NMS, Kavousi M
Europace 2023 Mar 30;25(3):804-811. doi: 10.1093/europace/euac244. PMID: 36546587Free PMC Article
Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Lahiri S, Sanyahumbi A
Pediatr Rev 2021 May;42(5):221-232. doi: 10.1542/pir.2019-0288. PMID: 33931507
Management of Pharyngitis.
Berkley J
Circulation 2018 Oct 30;138(18):1920-1922. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035900. PMID: 30372134
Can We Eliminate Rheumatic Fever and Premature Deaths From RHD?
Yusuf S, Narula J, Gamra H
Glob Heart 2017 Mar;12(1):3-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.05.001. PMID: 28552220
The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases.
Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M
Lancet Infect Dis 2005 Nov;5(11):685-94. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X. PMID: 16253886

Clinical prediction guides

Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Chagas Cardiomyopathy: An Update of Current Clinical Knowledge and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Nunes MCP, Beaton A, Acquatella H, Bern C, Bolger AF, Echeverría LE, Dutra WO, Gascon J, Morillo CA, Oliveira-Filho J, Ribeiro ALP, Marin-Neto JA; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Stroke Council
Circulation 2018 Sep 18;138(12):e169-e209. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000599. PMID: 30354432
Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study.
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P
BMJ 2017 May 23;357:j2099. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j2099. PMID: 28536104Free PMC Article
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association.
McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Bolger AF, Gewitz M, Baker AL, Jackson MA, Takahashi M, Shah PB, Kobayashi T, Wu MH, Saji TT, Pahl E; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention
Circulation 2017 Apr 25;135(17):e927-e999. Epub 2017 Mar 29 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484. PMID: 28356445
Streptococcal acute pharyngitis.
Anjos LM, Marcondes MB, Lima MF, Mondelli AL, Okoshi MP
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014 Jul;47(4):409-13. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0265-2013. PMID: 25229278

Recent systematic reviews

Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
Hedin K, Thorning S, van Driel ML
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Nov 15;11(11):CD004406. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub6. PMID: 37965935Free PMC Article
Prevalence and Impact of HIV Infections in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lumngwena EN, Mokaila D, Aremu O, Katoto PD, Blackburn J, Zilla P, Wiysonge CS, Ntusi N
Glob Heart 2023;18(1):49. Epub 2023 Sep 15 doi: 10.5334/gh.1265. PMID: 37720311Free PMC Article
Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults.
Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Dec 9;12(12):CD000023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub5. PMID: 34881426Free PMC Article
Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
van Driel ML, De Sutter AI, Thorning S, Christiaens T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Mar 17;3(3):CD004406. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub5. PMID: 33728634Free PMC Article
Rheumatic fever associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: systematic review.
da Silva F, de Carvalho J
J Immunol Res 2014;2014:614591. Epub 2014 Apr 22 doi: 10.1155/2014/614591. PMID: 24860836Free PMC Article

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