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Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus(LSA)

MedGen UID:
7338
•Concept ID:
C0023652
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Lichen sclerosis; Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus; Lichen sclerosus; LSA
SNOMED CT: Lichen sclerosus (895217008); Lichen sclerosus (895454001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007899
OMIM®: 151590
Orphanet: ORPHA33409

Definition

A chronic inflammatory process affecting the skin. It is characterized by the presence of white, indurated plaques, epidermal atrophy, and fibrosis of the upper dermis. It usually appears in the vulva and penis. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLichen sclerosus et atrophicus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Conservative Management of Penile and Urethral Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Shieh C, Hakam N, Pearce RJ, Nagpal M, Ghaffar U, Guzman JL, Abbasi B, Shaw NM, Jones CP, Breyer BN
J Urol 2024 Mar;211(3):354-363. Epub 2023 Dec 11 doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003804. PMID: 38079459
Diagnosis and management of morphea and lichen sclerosus and atrophicus in children.
Pope E, Laxer RM
Pediatr Clin North Am 2014 Apr;61(2):309-19. Epub 2013 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.11.006. PMID: 24636648
Update on the classification and treatment of localized scleroderma.
Bielsa Marsol I
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Oct;104(8):654-66. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.012. PMID: 23948159

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681
Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses: Clinical overview and molecular basis.
Tziotzios C, Lee JYW, Brier T, Saito R, Hsu CK, Bhargava K, Stefanato CM, Fenton DA, McGrath JA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov;79(5):789-804. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.010. PMID: 30318136
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Extragenital lichen sclerosus: A comprehensive review.
Arif T, Fatima R, Sami M
Australas J Dermatol 2022 Nov;63(4):452-462. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1111/ajd.13890. PMID: 35950883
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Morfea: revisión práctica de su diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento.
Rodríguez-Salgado P, García-Romero MT
Gac Med Mex 2019;155(5):522-531. doi: 10.24875/GMM.18004288. PMID: 31695234
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Therapy

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Therapy in the Treatment of Genital Lichen Sclerosus: A Comprehensive Review.
Paganelli A, Contu L, Condorelli A, Ficarelli E, Motolese A, Paganelli R, Motolese A
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Nov 9;24(22) doi: 10.3390/ijms242216107. PMID: 38003297Free PMC Article
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Update on the classification and treatment of localized scleroderma.
Bielsa Marsol I
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Oct;104(8):654-66. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.012. PMID: 23948159
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses: Clinical overview and molecular basis.
Tziotzios C, Lee JYW, Brier T, Saito R, Hsu CK, Bhargava K, Stefanato CM, Fenton DA, McGrath JA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov;79(5):789-804. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.010. PMID: 30318136
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Anti-inflammatory treatment.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Curr Probl Dermatol 2011;40:58-70. Epub 2011 Feb 10 doi: 10.1159/000321051. PMID: 21325840
Lichen sclerosus.
Murphy R
Dermatol Clin 2010 Oct;28(4):707-15. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.07.006. PMID: 20883914

Clinical prediction guides

Extragenital lichen sclerosus: A comprehensive review.
Arif T, Fatima R, Sami M
Australas J Dermatol 2022 Nov;63(4):452-462. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1111/ajd.13890. PMID: 35950883
Risk of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review.
Leis M, Singh A, Li C, Ahluwalia R, Fleming P, Lynde CW
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2022 Feb;44(2):182-192. Epub 2021 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.09.023. PMID: 34678521
Vulvar vitiligo and lichen sclerosus in children: A clinical challenge.
Veronesi G, Virdi A, Leuzzi M, Gurioli C, Chessa MA, Guglielmo A, Neri I
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Sep;38(5):1012-1019. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1111/pde.14771. PMID: 34561885
Frontal fibrosing alopecia and genital Lichen sclerosus: Single-center experience.
Grassi S, Tadiotto Cicogna G, Magri F, Caterina Fortuna M, Caro G, Pernazza A, Soda G, Miraglia E, Giustini S, Carlesimo M, Rossi A
J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Feb;20(2):615-620. Epub 2020 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/jocd.13573. PMID: 32590887
Lichen sclerosus and risk of cancer.
Halonen P, Jakobsson M, Heikinheimo O, Riska A, Gissler M, Pukkala E
Int J Cancer 2017 May 1;140(9):1998-2002. Epub 2017 Feb 10 doi: 10.1002/ijc.30621. PMID: 28124469

Recent systematic reviews

Systemic Therapy for Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Hargis A, Ngo M, Kraus CN, Mauskar M
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024 Jan 1;28(1):84-90. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000775. PMID: 37924260
Eosinophils in Traditionally Noneosinophil-Rich Dermatoses.
Sanchez I, Ibraheim MK, Lee BA, Kraus CN, Elsensohn A
Am J Dermatopathol 2023 Dec 1;45(12):820-821. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002550. PMID: 37883982
Lichen Sclerosus and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pope R, Lee MH, Myers A, Song J, Abou Ghayda R, Kim JY, Hong SH, Lee SB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Shin JI
J Sex Med 2022 Nov;19(11):1616-1624. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.011. PMID: 36115787
Vulvar vitiligo and lichen sclerosus in children: A clinical challenge.
Veronesi G, Virdi A, Leuzzi M, Gurioli C, Chessa MA, Guglielmo A, Neri I
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Sep;38(5):1012-1019. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1111/pde.14771. PMID: 34561885
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681

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