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Gradenigo syndrome

MedGen UID:
452106
•Concept ID:
C0018121
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Apicitides, Petrous; Apicitis, Petrous; Gradenigo Lannois Syndrome; Gradenigo Syndrome; Gradenigo's Syndrome; Gradenigo-Lannois Syndrome; Gradenigos Syndrome; Petrous Apicitides; Petrous Apicitis; Syndrome, Gradenigo; Syndrome, Gradenigo's; Syndrome, Gradenigo-Lannois
SNOMED CT: Gradenigo syndrome (37936001); Gradenigo's syndrome (37936001)

Definition

Inflammation of PETROUS BONE secondary to chronic OTITIS MEDIA. Its symptoms include fever, occipital headache, ear and retroorbital pain, and facial paralysis. [from MeSH]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Adult- and late-onset male hypogonadism: the clinical practice guidelines of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE).
Isidori AM, Aversa A, Calogero A, Ferlin A, Francavilla S, Lanfranco F, Pivonello R, Rochira V, Corona G, Maggi M
J Endocrinol Invest 2022 Dec;45(12):2385-2403. Epub 2022 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01859-7. PMID: 36018454Free PMC Article
Emerging molecular targets for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M
Annu Rev Med 2010;61:375-92. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.101107.134820. PMID: 20059344
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from pathogenesis to management: an update.
Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M
Obes Rev 2010 Jun;11(6):430-45. Epub 2009 Oct 21 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00657.x. PMID: 19845871

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced Imaging of Gradenigo Syndrome in End-Stage Renal Disease.
Sattarova V, Gencturk M, Lee MS, McClelland CM
J Neuroophthalmol 2021 Sep 1;41(3):e375-e377. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001218. PMID: 33813531
The changing face of petrous apicitis-a 40-year experience.
Gadre AK, Chole RA
Laryngoscope 2018 Jan;128(1):195-201. Epub 2017 Apr 5 doi: 10.1002/lary.26571. PMID: 28378370
Streptococcus acidominimus infection in a child causing Gradenigo syndrome.
Finkelstein Y, Marcus N, Mosseri R, Bar-Sever Z, Garty BZ
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2003 Jul;67(7):815-7. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(03)00088-0. PMID: 12791460

Diagnosis

Pediatric head and neck emergencies.
Singh S, Booth TN, Clarke RL
Neuroradiology 2024 Nov;66(11):2053-2070. Epub 2024 Sep 19 doi: 10.1007/s00234-024-03466-0. PMID: 39297953
Diplopia in a Child: Gradenigo Syndrome Is an Unforgettable Disease.
Chan KC, Chen SL
Ear Nose Throat J 2023 Feb;102(2):NP53-NP55. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1177/0145561321989459. PMID: 33507110
An Interesting Case of Gradenigo Syndrome.
Suzich KL, Adelson S, Choi CS
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Jan-Mar;69(1):1-2. Epub 2019 Jan 7 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2018.1540909. PMID: 30615575
The changing face of petrous apicitis-a 40-year experience.
Gadre AK, Chole RA
Laryngoscope 2018 Jan;128(1):195-201. Epub 2017 Apr 5 doi: 10.1002/lary.26571. PMID: 28378370
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome masquerading as Gradenigo syndrome in a teenager.
Slattery E, White AJ, Gauthier M, Linscott L, Hirose K
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013 Jul;77(7):1219-21. Epub 2013 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.023. PMID: 23684166

Therapy

Sudden Diplopia at a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Case of Gradenigo Syndrome in a Child.
Brambilla A, Pasti M, Parri N
Pediatr Emerg Care 2019 Dec;35(12):e236-e237. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001684. PMID: 30672897
An Interesting Case of Gradenigo Syndrome.
Suzich KL, Adelson S, Choi CS
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Jan-Mar;69(1):1-2. Epub 2019 Jan 7 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2018.1540909. PMID: 30615575
The changing face of petrous apicitis-a 40-year experience.
Gadre AK, Chole RA
Laryngoscope 2018 Jan;128(1):195-201. Epub 2017 Apr 5 doi: 10.1002/lary.26571. PMID: 28378370
Gradenigo Syndrome and Cavitary Lung Lesions in a 5-Year-Old With Recurrent Otitis Media.
Dorner RA, Ryan E, Carter JM, Fajardo M, Marsden L, Fricchione M, Higgins A
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2017 Sep 1;6(3):305-308. doi: 10.1093/jpids/pix018. PMID: 28903516
New onset strabismus in association with ear pain.
Ghani S, Likeman M, Lyttle MD
Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2017 Oct;102(5):267-269. Epub 2016 Jun 14 doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310297. PMID: 27302975

Prognosis

Fusobacterium necrophorum an Underrecognized Cause of Petrous Apicitis Presenting with Gradenigo Syndrome: A Case Report.
Ibrahim Z, Fox-Lewis S, Correia JA
Am J Case Rep 2024 Feb 6;25:e942652. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.942652. PMID: 38319911Free PMC Article
Acute otitis media associated with Gradenigo syndrome and transverse sinus thrombosis: a case report.
Özkaçmaz S
J Int Med Res 2019 Mar;47(3):1348-1352. Epub 2019 Jan 22 doi: 10.1177/0300060518823404. PMID: 30669916Free PMC Article
Gradenigo syndrome caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Chen PY, Wu CC, Yang TL, Hsu CJ, Lin YT, Lin KN
Audiol Neurootol 2014;19(4):275-82. Epub 2014 Sep 18 doi: 10.1159/000360413. PMID: 25247278
Mastoiditis complicated with Gradenigo syndrome and a hypertrophic pachymeningitis with consequent communicating hydrocephalus.
Bravo D, Machová H, Hahn A, Marková H, Otruba L, Mandys V, Houstava L, Kalvach P
Acta Otolaryngol 2007 Jan;127(1):93-7. doi: 10.1080/00016480500475583. PMID: 17364337

Clinical prediction guides

The changing face of petrous apicitis-a 40-year experience.
Gadre AK, Chole RA
Laryngoscope 2018 Jan;128(1):195-201. Epub 2017 Apr 5 doi: 10.1002/lary.26571. PMID: 28378370
Gradenigo syndrome as presenting sign of T-cell lymphoma.
Norwood VF, Haller JS
Pediatr Neurol 1989 Nov-Dec;5(6):377-80. doi: 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90053-2. PMID: 2690832

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