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Enterotoxemia

MedGen UID:: 4968
•Concept ID:: C0014371
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonym:	Enterotoxemias
SNOMED CT:	Enterotoxemia (370514003)

Definition

Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces ""struck"", and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVEnterotoxemia

Animal Diseases
- Enterotoxemia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clostridium perfringens associated with dairy farm systems show diverse genotypes.

Santos RAND, Abdel-Nour J, McAuley C, Moore SC, Fegan N, Fox EM
Int J Food Microbiol 2022 Dec 2;382:109933. Epub 2022 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109933. PMID: 36166891

See all (1)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clostridium perfringens associated with dairy farm systems show diverse genotypes.

Santos RAND, Abdel-Nour J, McAuley C, Moore SC, Fegan N, Fox EM
Int J Food Microbiol 2022 Dec 2;382:109933. Epub 2022 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109933. PMID: 36166891

Managing Disease Outbreaks in Captive Herds of Exotic Companion Mammals.

Lee A
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2021 Sep;24(3):567-608. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2021.04.003. PMID: 34366011

Immunization with a novel Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin mutant rETX(Y196E)-C confers strong protection in mice.

Yao W, Kang J, Kang L, Gao S, Yang H, Ji B, Li P, Liu J, Xin W, Wang J
Sci Rep 2016 Apr 6;6:24162. doi: 10.1038/srep24162. PMID: 27048879 Free PMC Article

Characterization of the spore-forming Bacillus cereus sensu lato group and Clostridium perfringens bacteria isolated from the Australian dairy farm environment.

Dréan P, McAuley CM, Moore SC, Fegan N, Fox EM
BMC Microbiol 2015 Feb 19;15:38. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0377-9. PMID: 25881096 Free PMC Article

Measurement of disease in animal populations based on interviews.

Ruppanner R
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972 Nov 1;161(9):1033-8. PMID: 4673368

See all (6)

Diagnosis

Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin produces a rapid and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

Mander KA, Uzal FA, Williams R, Finnie JW
J Vet Diagn Invest 2020 Mar;32(2):277-281. Epub 2019 Oct 14 doi: 10.1177/1040638719882745. PMID: 31608815 Free PMC Article

Effects of Claudin-1 on the Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin in Caco-2 Cells.

Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Li J, Navarro M, Uzal F, McClane B
Toxins (Basel) 2019 Oct 9;11(10) doi: 10.3390/toxins11100582. PMID: 31601044 Free PMC Article

Recent insights into Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin.

Nagahama M, Ochi S, Oda M, Miyamoto K, Takehara M, Kobayashi K
Toxins (Basel) 2015 Feb 3;7(2):396-406. doi: 10.3390/toxins7020396. PMID: 25654787 Free PMC Article

Effect of epsilon toxin-GFP on MDCK cells and renal tubules in vivo.

Soler-Jover A, Blasi J, Gómez de Aranda I, Navarro P, Gibert M, Popoff MR, Martín-Satué M
J Histochem Cytochem 2004 Jul;52(7):931-42. doi: 10.1369/jhc.4A6254.2004. PMID: 15208360

Effect of enterotoxin B on human volunteers.

Raj HD, Bergdoll MS
J Bacteriol 1969 May;98(2):833-4. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.833-834.1969. PMID: 4977485 Free PMC Article

See all (11)

Therapy

Vaccine Production to Protect Animals Against Pathogenic Clostridia.

Zaragoza NE, Orellana CA, Moonen GA, Moutafis G, Marcellin E
Toxins (Basel) 2019 Sep 11;11(9) doi: 10.3390/toxins11090525. PMID: 31514424 Free PMC Article

A low-toxic site-directed mutant of Clostridium perfringens ε-toxin as a potential candidate vaccine against enterotoxemia.

Li Q, Xin W, Gao S, Kang L, Wang J
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013 Nov;9(11):2386-92. Epub 2013 Jul 8 doi: 10.4161/hv.25649. PMID: 23835363 Free PMC Article

The role of vitamin E in immune response and disease resistance.

Tengerdy RP
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;587:24-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb00130.x. PMID: 2193574

Vitamin E, immune response, and disease resistance.

Tengerdy RP
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989;570:335-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14932.x. PMID: 2698109

Effect of enterotoxin B on human volunteers.

Raj HD, Bergdoll MS
J Bacteriol 1969 May;98(2):833-4. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.833-834.1969. PMID: 4977485 Free PMC Article

See all (7)

Prognosis

Pathology and Pathogenesis of Brain Lesions Produced by Clostridium perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxin.

Finnie JW, Uzal FA
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Aug 12;23(16) doi: 10.3390/ijms23169050. PMID: 36012315 Free PMC Article

Measurement of disease in animal populations based on interviews.

Ruppanner R
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972 Nov 1;161(9):1033-8. PMID: 4673368

See all (2)

Clinical prediction guides

Detection of Clostridium perfringens in donor milk at a human breast milk bank: a case report.

Liu K, Liu Z, Chen X, Wang R, Wang D
BMC Infect Dis 2023 Nov 17;23(1):810. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08822-8. PMID: 37978351 Free PMC Article

Managing Disease Outbreaks in Captive Herds of Exotic Companion Mammals.

Lee A
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2021 Sep;24(3):567-608. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2021.04.003. PMID: 34366011

New insights into Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin activation and action on the brain during enterotoxemia.

Freedman JC, McClane BA, Uzal FA
Anaerobe 2016 Oct;41:27-31. Epub 2016 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.006. PMID: 27321761

Host cell-induced signaling causes Clostridium perfringens to upregulate production of toxins important for intestinal infections.

Chen J, Ma M, Uzal FA, McClane BA
Gut Microbes 2014 Jan-Feb;5(1):96-107. Epub 2013 Sep 10 doi: 10.4161/gmic.26419. PMID: 24061146 Free PMC Article

Epsilon toxin: a fascinating pore-forming toxin.

Popoff MR
FEBS J 2011 Dec;278(23):4602-15. Epub 2011 May 25 doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08145.x. PMID: 21535407

See all (5)

MedGen

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