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Anxiety disorder

MedGen UID:
361
•Concept ID:
C0003469
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Anxiety Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Disorder, Anxiety; Disorders, Anxiety
SNOMED CT: Anxiety disorder (197480006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005618

Definition

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of anxiety disorders.
Bandelow B, Michaelis S, Wedekind D
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2017 Jun;19(2):93-107. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/bbandelow. PMID: 28867934Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and management of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults.
Locke AB, Kirst N, Shultz CG
Am Fam Physician 2015 May 1;91(9):617-24. PMID: 25955736
Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen M; Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University, Antony MM, Bouchard S, Brunet A, Flament M, Grigoriadis S, Mendlowitz S, O'Connor K, Rabheru K, Richter PM, Robichaud M, Walker JR
BMC Psychiatry 2014;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S1. Epub 2014 Jul 2 doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-S1-S1. PMID: 25081580Free PMC Article

Curated

UK NICE Clinical Guideline CG113, Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management

UK NICE Clinical Guideline CG192, Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance, 2020

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents.
Kowalchuk A, Gonzalez SJ, Zoorob RJ
Am Fam Physician 2022 Dec;106(6):657-664. PMID: 36521463
Understanding Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents and Improving Treatment Outcomes: Applying the Cognitive Model of Clark and Wells (1995).
Leigh E, Clark DM
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018 Sep;21(3):388-414. doi: 10.1007/s10567-018-0258-5. PMID: 29654442Free PMC Article
Anxiety.
Dean E
Nurs Stand 2016 Jul 13;30(46):15. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.46.15.s17. PMID: 27406490
Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis.
Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole S, Huibers M, Berking M, Andersson G
Clin Psychol Rev 2014 Mar;34(2):130-40. Epub 2014 Jan 10 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.002. PMID: 24487344
Social anxiety disorder.
Stein MB, Stein DJ
Lancet 2008 Mar 29;371(9618):1115-25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60488-2. PMID: 18374843

Diagnosis

Anxiety Disorders: A Review.
Szuhany KL, Simon NM
JAMA 2022 Dec 27;328(24):2431-2445. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.22744. PMID: 36573969
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents.
Kowalchuk A, Gonzalez SJ, Zoorob RJ
Am Fam Physician 2022 Dec;106(6):657-664. PMID: 36521463
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Revisited.
Showraki M, Showraki T, Brown K
Psychiatr Q 2020 Sep;91(3):905-914. doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09747-0. PMID: 32383134
Biological markers of generalized anxiety disorder.
Maron E, Nutt D
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2017 Jun;19(2):147-158. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/dnutt. PMID: 28867939Free PMC Article
Social anxiety disorder.
Stein MB, Stein DJ
Lancet 2008 Mar 29;371(9618):1115-25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60488-2. PMID: 18374843

Therapy

Management of Depression in Adults: A Review.
Simon GE, Moise N, Mohr DC
JAMA 2024 Jul 9;332(2):141-152. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.5756. PMID: 38856993
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
James AC, Reardon T, Soler A, James G, Creswell C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 16;11(11):CD013162. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013162.pub2. PMID: 33196111Free PMC Article
Gepirone hydrochloride: a novel antidepressant with 5-HT1A agonistic properties.
Kaur Gill A, Bansal Y, Bhandari R, Kaur S, Kaur J, Singh R, Kuhad A, Kuhad A
Drugs Today (Barc) 2019 Jul;55(7):423-437. doi: 10.1358/dot.2019.55.7.2958474. PMID: 31347611
Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Slee A, Nazareth I, Bondaronek P, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Freemantle N
Lancet 2019 Feb 23;393(10173):768-777. Epub 2019 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31793-8. PMID: 30712879
Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Carpenter JK, Andrews LA, Witcraft SM, Powers MB, Smits JAJ, Hofmann SG
Depress Anxiety 2018 Jun;35(6):502-514. Epub 2018 Feb 16 doi: 10.1002/da.22728. PMID: 29451967Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics.
Stewart DE, Vigod SN
Annu Rev Med 2019 Jan 27;70:183-196. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-041217-011106. PMID: 30691372
Tennis elbow: associated psychological factors.
Aben A, De Wilde L, Hollevoet N, Henriquez C, Vandeweerdt M, Ponnet K, Van Tongel A
J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018 Mar;27(3):387-392. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.11.033. PMID: 29433642
Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
Anderson PL, Price M, Edwards SM, Obasaju MA, Schmertz SK, Zimand E, Calamaras MR
J Consult Clin Psychol 2013 Oct;81(5):751-60. Epub 2013 Jun 24 doi: 10.1037/a0033559. PMID: 23796315
A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B
Arch Intern Med 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. PMID: 16717171
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence.
Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003 Aug;60(8):837-44. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837. PMID: 12912767

Clinical prediction guides

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation.
Mossman SA, Luft MJ, Schroeder HK, Varney ST, Fleck DE, Barzman DH, Gilman R, DelBello MP, Strawn JR
Ann Clin Psychiatry 2017 Nov;29(4):227-234A. PMID: 29069107Free PMC Article
Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis.
Plummer F, Manea L, Trepel D, McMillan D
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016 Mar-Apr;39:24-31. Epub 2015 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005. PMID: 26719105
Identifying HAM-A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder.
Matza LS, Morlock R, Sexton C, Malley K, Feltner D
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2010 Dec;19(4):223-32. Epub 2010 Aug 18 doi: 10.1002/mpr.323. PMID: 20718076Free PMC Article
Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students.
Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E, Hefner JL
Am J Orthopsychiatry 2007 Oct;77(4):534-42. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.77.4.534. PMID: 18194033
Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).
Connor KM, Davidson JR
Depress Anxiety 2003;18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113. PMID: 12964174

Recent systematic reviews

Social anxiety and behavioral assessments of social cognition: A systematic review.
Alvi T, Kumar D, Tabak BA
J Affect Disord 2022 Aug 15;311:17-30. Epub 2022 Apr 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.130. PMID: 35490878Free PMC Article
The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - A systematic review.
Simpson CA, Diaz-Arteche C, Eliby D, Schwartz OS, Simmons JG, Cowan CSM
Clin Psychol Rev 2021 Feb;83:101943. Epub 2020 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101943. PMID: 33271426
Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Slee A, Nazareth I, Bondaronek P, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Freemantle N
Lancet 2019 Feb 23;393(10173):768-777. Epub 2019 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31793-8. PMID: 30712879
Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di Nisio M, Duffy S, Hernandez AV, Keurentjes JC, Lang S, Misso K, Ryder S, Schmidlkofer S, Westwood M, Kleijnen J
JAMA 2015 Jun 23-30;313(24):2456-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.6358. PMID: 26103030
Exercise as Treatment for Anxiety: Systematic Review and Analysis.
Stonerock GL, Hoffman BM, Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA
Ann Behav Med 2015 Aug;49(4):542-56. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9685-9. PMID: 25697132Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2020
      UK NICE Clinical Guideline CG113, Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management
    • NICE, 2020
      UK NICE Clinical Guideline CG192, Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance, 2020

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

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    • PMC Articles
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