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Variola minor infection

MedGen UID:
1393
•Concept ID:
C0001906
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Alastrim; Minor, Variola; Minors, Variola; Variola Minor; Variola Minors
SNOMED CT: Alastrim (72294005); Variola minor (72294005); Kaffir pox (72294005); Amaas (72294005)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004720

Definition

A orthopoxvirus that causes a milder clinical syndrome than smallpox. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVariola minor infection

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.
Huang Y, Mu L, Wang W
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 Nov 2;7(1):373. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01215-4. PMID: 36319633Free PMC Article
Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox.
Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, Forthal DN, Rizk Y
Drugs 2022 Jun;82(9):957-963. Epub 2022 Jun 28 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y. PMID: 35763248Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Poxviruses in Children.
Mazur-Melewska K
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:205-217. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_13. PMID: 38801580
Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Nucera F, Bonina L, Cipolla A, Pirina P, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:183-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12. PMID: 38801579
Monkeypox: A Review.
Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Indian J Pediatr 2022 Oct;89(10):955-960. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04348-0. PMID: 35947269Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: A New Threat?
Kmiec D, Kirchhoff F
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 17;23(14) doi: 10.3390/ijms23147866. PMID: 35887214Free PMC Article
Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era.
Meyer H, Ehmann R, Smith GL
Viruses 2020 Jan 24;12(2) doi: 10.3390/v12020138. PMID: 31991671Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis.
Karagoz A, Tombuloglu H, Alsaeed M, Tombuloglu G, AlRubaish AA, Mahmoud A, Smajlović S, Ćordić S, Rabaan AA, Alsuhaimi E
J Infect Public Health 2023 Apr;16(4):531-541. Epub 2023 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.003. PMID: 36801633Free PMC Article
Monkeypox Virus Infections in Humans.
Elsayed S, Bondy L, Hanage WP
Clin Microbiol Rev 2022 Dec 21;35(4):e0009222. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1128/cmr.00092-22. PMID: 36374082Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: Virology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, Diagnosis, and Treatments.
Soheili M, Nasseri S, Afraie M, Khateri S, Moradi Y, Mahdavi Mortazavi SM, Gilzad-Kohan H
J Pharm Pharm Sci 2022;25:297-322. doi: 10.18433/jpps33138. PMID: 36130588
Human Monkeypox: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Prevention.
Petersen E, Kantele A, Koopmans M, Asogun D, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Ihekweazu C, Zumla A
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019 Dec;33(4):1027-1043. Epub 2019 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.03.001. PMID: 30981594Free PMC Article
Human monkeypox.
McCollum AM, Damon IK
Clin Infect Dis 2014 Jan;58(2):260-7. Epub 2013 Oct 24 doi: 10.1093/cid/cit703. PMID: 24158414

Therapy

Comprehensive literature review of monkeypox.
Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Ahmad S, Hasan H, Ahmad Suhaimi NA, Albakri KA, Abedalbaset Alzyoud A, Kadir R, Mohamud R
Emerg Microbes Infect 2022 Dec;11(1):2600-2631. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2132882. PMID: 36263798Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: A Review.
Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Indian J Pediatr 2022 Oct;89(10):955-960. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04348-0. PMID: 35947269Free PMC Article
Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox.
Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, Forthal DN, Rizk Y
Drugs 2022 Jun;82(9):957-963. Epub 2022 Jun 28 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y. PMID: 35763248Free PMC Article
Smallpox.
Breman JG
J Infect Dis 2021 Sep 30;224(12 Suppl 2):S379-S386. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa588. PMID: 34590143Free PMC Article
Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era.
Meyer H, Ehmann R, Smith GL
Viruses 2020 Jan 24;12(2) doi: 10.3390/v12020138. PMID: 31991671Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK.
Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, Dunning J, Fletcher TE, Hunter ER, Jacobs M, Khoo SH, Newsholme W, Porter D, Porter RJ, Ratcliffe L, Schmid ML, Semple MG, Tunbridge AJ, Wingfield T, Price NM; NHS England High Consequence Infectious Diseases (Airborne) Network
Lancet Infect Dis 2022 Aug;22(8):1153-1162. Epub 2022 May 24 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. PMID: 35623380Free PMC Article
Cholera.
Lippi D, Gotuzzo E, Caini S
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Aug;4(4) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0012-2015. PMID: 27726771
The plague of Athens: epidemiology and paleopathology.
Littman RJ
Mt Sinai J Med 2009 Oct;76(5):456-67. doi: 10.1002/msj.20137. PMID: 19787658
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins.
Weaver JR, Isaacs SN
Immunol Rev 2008 Oct;225:96-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x. PMID: 18837778Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis.
Karagoz A, Tombuloglu H, Alsaeed M, Tombuloglu G, AlRubaish AA, Mahmoud A, Smajlović S, Ćordić S, Rabaan AA, Alsuhaimi E
J Infect Public Health 2023 Apr;16(4):531-541. Epub 2023 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.003. PMID: 36801633Free PMC Article
Monkeypox virus: A review.
Letafati A, Sakhavarz T
Microb Pathog 2023 Mar;176:106027. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106027. PMID: 36758824Free PMC Article
Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK.
Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, Dunning J, Fletcher TE, Hunter ER, Jacobs M, Khoo SH, Newsholme W, Porter D, Porter RJ, Ratcliffe L, Schmid ML, Semple MG, Tunbridge AJ, Wingfield T, Price NM; NHS England High Consequence Infectious Diseases (Airborne) Network
Lancet Infect Dis 2022 Aug;22(8):1153-1162. Epub 2022 May 24 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. PMID: 35623380Free PMC Article
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins.
Weaver JR, Isaacs SN
Immunol Rev 2008 Oct;225:96-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x. PMID: 18837778Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Global perspectives on smallpox vaccine against monkeypox: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of effectiveness, protection, safety and cross-immunogenicity.
Liu H, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang F, Duan J, Huang T, Huang X, Zhang T
Emerg Microbes Infect 2024 Dec;13(1):2387442. Epub 2024 Aug 16 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2387442. PMID: 39082272Free PMC Article
Predicting vaccine effectiveness for mpox.
Berry MT, Khan SR, Schlub TE, Notaras A, Kunasekaran M, Grulich AE, MacIntyre CR, Davenport MP, Khoury DS
Nat Commun 2024 May 8;15(1):3856. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48180-w. PMID: 38719852Free PMC Article
Paediatric, maternal, and congenital mpox: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sanchez Clemente N, Coles C, Paixao ES, Brickley EB, Whittaker E, Alfven T, Rulisa S, Agudelo Higuita N, Torpiano P, Agravat P, Thorley EV, Drysdale SB, Le Doare K, Muyembe Tamfum JJ
Lancet Glob Health 2024 Apr;12(4):e572-e588. Epub 2024 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00607-1. PMID: 38401556Free PMC Article
The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review.
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Feb;16(2):e0010141. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141. PMID: 35148313Free PMC Article
A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy.
Beer EM, Rao VB
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Oct;13(10):e0007791. Epub 2019 Oct 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007791. PMID: 31618206Free PMC Article

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