U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
  • The following terms were not found in MedGen: zhe, Cyrillic.

X small rings

MedGen UID:
1641475
Concept ID:
C4707824
Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
Synonym: Small ring X chromosome
SNOMED CT: X small rings (766760004); Small ring X chromosome (766760004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019926
Orphanet: ORPHA96201

Definition

A rare chromosome X structural anomaly with a highly variable phenotype. Principle characteristics are developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism (including microcephaly, facial asymmetry, hypertelorism, long palpebral fissures, epicanthus, low-set or malrotated ears, broad nose with a flat nasal bridge, anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin upper lip, high arched palate, micrognathia) and skeletal anomalies (for example cubitus valgus, talipes equinovarus). Patients may also present heart malformations (for example ventricular septal defects, mitral valve stenosis), sacral dimple, soft tissue syndactyly, pigmented naevi and seizures. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVX small rings

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Janetka JW, Hopper AT, Yang Z, Barks J, Dhason MS, Wang Q, Sibley LD
J Med Chem 2020 Jun 11;63(11):6144-6163. Epub 2020 Jun 1 doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00419. PMID: 32420739Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Awasthi A, Katiyar H, Rungta S, Deep A, Kumar V, Shalimar, Kumar A, Tiwari P, Goel A
PLoS One 2023;18(5):e0285725. Epub 2023 May 18 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285725. PMID: 37200346Free PMC Article
Wewel JT, Hartman C, Uribe JS
World Neurosurg 2020 May;137:e208-e212. Epub 2020 Jan 26 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.134. PMID: 31996333
Yao J, Zhao X, Ding X
Comput Biol Chem 2016 Oct;64:126-133. Epub 2016 Jun 4 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.05.009. PMID: 27341162
Ikegashira K, Oka T, Hirashima S, Noji S, Yamanaka H, Hara Y, Adachi T, Tsuruha J, Doi S, Hase Y, Noguchi T, Ando I, Ogura N, Ikeda S, Hashimoto H
J Med Chem 2006 Nov 30;49(24):6950-3. doi: 10.1021/jm0610245. PMID: 17125247
Sprangers R, Groves MR, Sinning I, Sattler M
J Mol Biol 2003 Mar 21;327(2):507-20. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00148-7. PMID: 12628254

Diagnosis

Ting W, Richard SA, Changwei Z, Chaohua W, Xiaodong X
Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Nov;98(48):e18184. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018184. PMID: 31770272Free PMC Article
Wu PC, Tzeng SL, Chang CK, Kao YF, Waring MJ, Hou MH
Nucleic Acids Res 2018 Aug 21;46(14):7396-7404. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky345. PMID: 29741655Free PMC Article
Lasko LM, Jakob CG, Edalji RP, Qiu W, Montgomery D, Digiammarino EL, Hansen TM, Risi RM, Frey R, Manaves V, Shaw B, Algire M, Hessler P, Lam LT, Uziel T, Faivre E, Ferguson D, Buchanan FG, Martin RL, Torrent M, Chiang GG, Karukurichi K, Langston JW, Weinert BT, Choudhary C, de Vries P, Van Drie JH, McElligott D, Kesicki E, Marmorstein R, Sun C, Cole PA, Rosenberg SH, Michaelides MR, Lai A, Bromberg KD
Nature 2017 Oct 5;550(7674):128-132. Epub 2017 Sep 27 doi: 10.1038/nature24028. PMID: 28953875Free PMC Article
Manzella A, Ohtomo K, Monzawa S, Lim JH
Abdom Imaging 2008 Mar-Apr;33(2):144-50. doi: 10.1007/s00261-007-9329-7. PMID: 17912583
Aoki J, Moser RP Jr, Kransdorf MJ
J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989 Sep-Oct;13(5):806-10. doi: 10.1097/00004728-198909000-00010. PMID: 2778137

Therapy

Awasthi A, Katiyar H, Rungta S, Deep A, Kumar V, Shalimar, Kumar A, Tiwari P, Goel A
PLoS One 2023;18(5):e0285725. Epub 2023 May 18 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285725. PMID: 37200346Free PMC Article
Yao C, Veleva T, Scott L Jr, Cao S, Li L, Chen G, Jeyabal P, Pan X, Alsina KM, Abu-Taha I Dr, Ghezelbash S, Reynolds CL, Shen YH, LeMaire SA, Schmitz W, Müller FU, El-Armouche A, Tony Eissa N, Beeton C, Nattel S, Wehrens XHT, Dobrev D, Li N
Circulation 2018 Nov 13;138(20):2227-2242. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035202. PMID: 29802206Free PMC Article
Lasko LM, Jakob CG, Edalji RP, Qiu W, Montgomery D, Digiammarino EL, Hansen TM, Risi RM, Frey R, Manaves V, Shaw B, Algire M, Hessler P, Lam LT, Uziel T, Faivre E, Ferguson D, Buchanan FG, Martin RL, Torrent M, Chiang GG, Karukurichi K, Langston JW, Weinert BT, Choudhary C, de Vries P, Van Drie JH, McElligott D, Kesicki E, Marmorstein R, Sun C, Cole PA, Rosenberg SH, Michaelides MR, Lai A, Bromberg KD
Nature 2017 Oct 5;550(7674):128-132. Epub 2017 Sep 27 doi: 10.1038/nature24028. PMID: 28953875Free PMC Article
Rawson TE, Rüth M, Blackwood E, Burdick D, Corson L, Dotson J, Drummond J, Fields C, Georges GJ, Goller B, Halladay J, Hunsaker T, Kleinheinz T, Krell HW, Li J, Liang J, Limberg A, McNutt A, Moffat J, Phillips G, Ran Y, Safina B, Ultsch M, Walker L, Wiesmann C, Zhang B, Zhou A, Zhu BY, Rüger P, Cochran AG
J Med Chem 2008 Aug 14;51(15):4465-75. Epub 2008 Jul 17 doi: 10.1021/jm800052b. PMID: 18630890
Cook CE, Perez-Reyes M, Jeffcoat AR, Brine DR
Fed Proc 1983 Jun;42(9):2566-9. PMID: 6852275

Prognosis

Ropers FG, Pham ENB, Kant SG, Rotteveel LJC, Rings EHHM, Verbist BM, Dekkers OM
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 May 1;145(5):431-443. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0121. PMID: 30946449Free PMC Article
Emery IF, Gopalan A, Wood S, Chow KH, Battelli C, George J, Blaszyk H, Florman J, Yun K
J Neurooncol 2017 May;133(1):47-57. Epub 2017 Apr 21 doi: 10.1007/s11060-017-2422-z. PMID: 28432589Free PMC Article
Nienhaus K, Nickel E, Nienhaus GU
Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2017 Apr;1865(4):453-463. Epub 2017 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.02.008. PMID: 28189796
Mund M, Neu A, Ullmann J, Neu U, Sprangers R
J Mol Biol 2011 Nov 25;414(2):165-76. Epub 2011 Oct 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.09.051. PMID: 22001694
Davis PL
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 Mar;18(2):136-9. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80919-4. PMID: 1564650

Clinical prediction guides

Awasthi A, Katiyar H, Rungta S, Deep A, Kumar V, Shalimar, Kumar A, Tiwari P, Goel A
PLoS One 2023;18(5):e0285725. Epub 2023 May 18 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285725. PMID: 37200346Free PMC Article
Wewel JT, Hartman C, Uribe JS
World Neurosurg 2020 May;137:e208-e212. Epub 2020 Jan 26 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.134. PMID: 31996333
Ting W, Richard SA, Changwei Z, Chaohua W, Xiaodong X
Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Nov;98(48):e18184. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018184. PMID: 31770272Free PMC Article
Sim L, Quezada-Calvillo R, Sterchi EE, Nichols BL, Rose DR
J Mol Biol 2008 Jan 18;375(3):782-92. Epub 2007 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.069. PMID: 18036614
Sprangers R, Groves MR, Sinning I, Sattler M
J Mol Biol 2003 Mar 21;327(2):507-20. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00148-7. PMID: 12628254

Recent systematic reviews

Ropers FG, Pham ENB, Kant SG, Rotteveel LJC, Rings EHHM, Verbist BM, Dekkers OM
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 May 1;145(5):431-443. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0121. PMID: 30946449Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Genetic Testing Registry

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.