MedGen

Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) can present with a wide range of features that are highly variable, even within families. The major clinical manifestations of 22q11.2DS include congenital heart disease, particularly conotruncal malformations (ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, interrupted aortic arch, and truncus arteriosus), palatal abnormalities (velopharyngeal incompetence, submucosal cleft palate, bifid uvula, and cleft palate), immune deficiency, characteristic facial features, and learning difficulties. Hearing loss can be sensorineural and/or conductive. Laryngotracheoesophageal, gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, central nervous system, skeletal, and genitourinary anomalies also occur. Psychiatric illness and autoimmune disorders are more common in individuals with 22q11.2DS. [from GeneReviews]

Acrodermatitis enteropathica of the zinc deficiency type (AEZ) is characterized by intermittent simultaneous occurrence of diarrhea and dermatitis with failure to thrive. Alopecia of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes is a usual feature. The skin lesions are bullous. Noteworthy is the cure by diodoquin, or diiodohydroxyquinoline (Dillaha et al., 1953; Bloom and Sobel, 1955). Rodin and Goldman (1969) described autopsy findings, including pancreatic islet hyperplasia, absence of the thymus and of germinal centers, and plasmocytosis of lymph nodes and spleen. [from OMIM]

T-cell immunodeficiency with thymic aplasia (TIDTA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is often detected at birth through newborn SCID screening with the finding of decreased T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Affected individuals have selective hypo- or aplasia of the thymus, which results in T-cell immunodeficiency due to impaired T-cell development and increased susceptibility to viral infections. The phenotype is similar to T-/B+/NK+ SCID. Some patients may die in childhood; thymus transplantation may be curative (summary by Du et al., 2019). [from OMIM]

Underdevelopment of the thymus. [from HPO]

Reticular dysgenesis, the most severe form of inborn severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), is characterized by absence of granulocytes and almost complete deficiency of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, hypoplasia of the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs, and lack of innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immune functions, leading to fatal septicemia within days after birth (summary by Pannicke et al., 2009). [from OMIM]

The presence of ectopic thymus tissue. Normally, cells of the ventral bud of the third pharyngeal pouch detach and migrate in the eighth gestational week caudally and medially towards the location of the mature thyroid. They migrate further retrosternally into the superior mediastinum. There are two main ways ectopic thymus tissue can develop. Either cells detach along the descensus path and proliferate, thereby forming accessory thymus tissue, or the entire gland fails to descend. [from HPO]

Absence or underdevelopment of the thymus. [from HPO]

Abnormality of the thymus, an organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the sternum and whose main function is to provide an environment for T lymphocyte maturation. [from HPO]

This syndrome has characteristics of intrauterine growth retardation, renal dysgenesis and a unilobed or absent thymus. It has been described in three girls born to a nonconsanguineous couple. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Enlargement of the thymus. [from HPO]

A lymphoma that arises from the thymus. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. [from NCI]

A well-circumscribed tumor of the thymus composed of islands of normal thymic parenchyma and mature adipose tissue. It is not clear if thymolipoma is a neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesion. [from NCI]

A condition in which the thymus gland is abnormally located; this can be secondary to failure of descent during fetal development, or failure of involution. [from NCI]

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites. [from NCI]

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the thymus. [from NCI]

A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the thymus. [from HPO]

Absence of the thymus. This feature may be appreciated by the lack of a thymic shadow upon radiographic examination. [from HPO]

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thymus. Representative examples include thymic hyperplasia, thymoma, and thymic carcinoma. [from NCI]