MedGen

Premature ovarian failure-15 (POF15) is characterized by primary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, or secondary amenorrhea; small ovaries with reduced or absent follicles; and elevated gonadotropic hormones (Fouquet et al., 2017; Jaillard et al., 2020; Heddar et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure, see POF1 (311360). [from OMIM]

PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses a range of clinical findings in which the core features are congenital or early-childhood onset of segmental/focal overgrowth with or without cellular dysplasia. Prior to the identification of PIK3CA as the causative gene, PROS was separated into distinct clinical syndromes based on the tissues and/or organs involved (e.g., MCAP [megalencephaly-capillary malformation] syndrome and CLOVES [congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies] syndrome). The predominant areas of overgrowth include the brain, limbs (including fingers and toes), trunk (including abdomen and chest), and face, all usually in an asymmetric distribution. Generalized brain overgrowth may be accompanied by secondary overgrowth of specific brain structures resulting in ventriculomegaly, a markedly thick corpus callosum, and cerebellar tonsillar ectopia with crowding of the posterior fossa. Vascular malformations may include capillary, venous, and less frequently, arterial or mixed (capillary-lymphatic-venous or arteriovenous) malformations. Lymphatic malformations may be in various locations (internal and/or external) and can cause various clinical issues, including swelling, pain, and occasionally localized bleeding secondary to trauma. Lipomatous overgrowth may occur ipsilateral or contralateral to a vascular malformation, if present. The degree of intellectual disability appears to be mostly related to the presence and severity of seizures, cortical dysplasia (e.g., polymicrogyria), and hydrocephalus. Many children have feeding difficulties that are often multifactorial in nature. Endocrine issues affect a small number of individuals and most commonly include hypoglycemia (largely hypoinsulinemic hypoketotic hypoglycemia), hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency. [from GeneReviews]

A rare bone developmental disorder belonging to a group of oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndromes. The major anomalies occurring commonly in this group are hypoplasia of the mandible, syndactyly and ectrodactyly, small mouth, cleft palate, hypodontia and facial paralysis. Patients with Charlie M syndrome also present with hypertelorism, absent or conically crowned incisors and variable degrees of hypodactyly of the hands and feet. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1976. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

An arteriopathy characterised by visual loss, progressive or episodic deafness, and abnormal fundoscopy. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

A rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterised by the presence of small B-lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells, and either non-secreting or secreting IgG or IgA paraproteins. The disease usually involves the bone marrow and sometimes also the spleen or lymph nodes. Patients typically present with symptoms related to anaemia. Hyperviscosity, autoimmune phenomena and B symptoms may also be observed. Mortality is higher as compared to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. [from SNOMEDCT_US]