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Cerebrospinal fluid leak

MedGen UID:
9695
•Concept ID:
C0023182
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: CSF leak; Spinal CSF leak
SNOMED CT: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (73965003); Cerebrospinal fluid leak (230744007); CSF - Cerebrospinal fluid leak (230744007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0043327

Definition

The loss of cerebrospinal fluid into the surrounding tissues. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCerebrospinal fluid leak

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Management of Diabetes Insipidus following Surgery for Pituitary and Suprasellar Tumours.
Almalki MH, Ahmad MM, Brema I, Almehthel M, AlDahmani KM, Mahzari M, Beshyah SA
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021 Aug;21(3):354-364. Epub 2021 Aug 29 doi: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.010. PMID: 34522399Free PMC Article
Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak after spine surgery.
Fang Z, Tian R, Jia YT, Xu TT, Liu Y
Chin J Traumatol 2017 Apr;20(2):81-83. Epub 2017 Feb 24 doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2016.12.002. PMID: 28336418Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction.
Racette S, Tekumalla S, Agarwal A, Curry J, Beahm DD
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023 Aug;56(4):727-739. Epub 2023 Jun 1 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.04.015. PMID: 37268516
Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Advances in Pituitary Surgery.
Byun YH, Kang H, Kim YH
Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022 Aug;37(4):608-616. Epub 2022 Aug 19 doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.1546. PMID: 35982611Free PMC Article
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
Wang SJ
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Jun 1;27(3):746-766. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000979. PMID: 34048402
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Tam EK, Gilbert AL
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019 Nov;30(6):467-471. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000603. PMID: 31449087

Diagnosis

Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: searching for the CSF leak.
Dobrocky T, Nicholson P, Häni L, Mordasini P, Krings T, Brinjikji W, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Schär R, Schankin C, Gralla J, Pereira VM, Raabe A, Farb R, Beck J, Piechowiak EI
Lancet Neurol 2022 Apr;21(4):369-380. Epub 2022 Feb 25 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00423-3. PMID: 35227413
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
Schievink WI
N Engl J Med 2021 Dec 2;385(23):2173-2178. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2101561. PMID: 34874632
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: diagnostic and therapeutic workup.
Luetzen N, Dovi-Akue P, Fung C, Beck J, Urbach H
Neuroradiology 2021 Nov;63(11):1765-1772. Epub 2021 Jul 23 doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02766-z. PMID: 34297176Free PMC Article
CSF-Venous Fistula.
Roytman M, Salama G, Robbins MS, Chazen JL
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021 Jan 21;25(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00921-4. PMID: 33475890

Therapy

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Mehta D, Qureshi A, Sayal P, Kamourieh S, Davagnanam I, Matharu M
Pract Neurol 2024 Mar 19;24(2):98-105. doi: 10.1136/pn-2023-003986. PMID: 38135500Free PMC Article
Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Advances in Pituitary Surgery.
Byun YH, Kang H, Kim YH
Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022 Aug;37(4):608-616. Epub 2022 Aug 19 doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.1546. PMID: 35982611Free PMC Article
Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Review and Management Algorithm.
Jones MR, Shlobin NA, Dahdaleh NS
World Neurosurg 2021 Jun;150:133-139. Epub 2021 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.115. PMID: 33798778
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures.
Ratilal BO, Costa J, Pappamikail L, Sampaio C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Apr 28;2015(4):CD004884. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004884.pub4. PMID: 25918919Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Simulation Model: Face, Content, and Construct Validation.
AlQahtani A, Albathi A, Castelnuovo P, Alfawwaz F
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021 Mar;35(2):264-271. Epub 2020 Aug 20 doi: 10.1177/1945892420952262. PMID: 32819147
Pediatric Facial Trauma.
Andrew TW, Morbia R, Lorenz HP
Clin Plast Surg 2019 Apr;46(2):239-247. Epub 2019 Feb 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2018.11.008. PMID: 30851755
Delayed Complications After Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas.
Alzhrani G, Sivakumar W, Park MS, Taussky P, Couldwell WT
World Neurosurg 2018 Jan;109:233-241. Epub 2017 Oct 5 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.192. PMID: 28989047
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Thoracic Decompression.
Hu PP, Liu XG, Yu M
Chin Med J (Engl) 2016 Aug 20;129(16):1994-2000. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.187854. PMID: 27503026Free PMC Article
Incidence and significance of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in endoscopic pituitary surgery using intrathecal fluorescein.
Jakimovski D, Bonci G, Attia M, Shao H, Hofstetter C, Tsiouris AJ, Anand VK, Schwartz TH
World Neurosurg 2014 Sep-Oct;82(3-4):e513-23. Epub 2013 Jun 26 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.06.005. PMID: 23811068

Clinical prediction guides

Risk Factors for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Extradural Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
Jin JY, Yu M, Xu RF, Sun Y, Li BH, Zhou FF
World Neurosurg 2023 Nov;179:e269-e280. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.075. PMID: 37625633
The role of reoperation after recurrence of Cushing's disease.
Cardinal T, Zada G, Carmichael JD
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar;35(2):101489. Epub 2021 Feb 6 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101489. PMID: 33814302
Cerebrospinal fluid leaks secondary to dural tears: a review of etiology, clinical evaluation, and management.
Gandhi J, DiMatteo A, Joshi G, Smith NL, Khan SA
Int J Neurosci 2021 Jul;131(7):689-695. Epub 2020 May 13 doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1751625. PMID: 32242448
Assessing Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension With a Scoring System Based on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.
Dobrocky T, Grunder L, Breiding PS, Branca M, Limacher A, Mosimann PJ, Mordasini P, Zibold F, Haeni L, Jesse CM, Fung C, Raabe A, Ulrich CT, Gralla J, Beck J, Piechowiak EI
JAMA Neurol 2019 May 1;76(5):580-587. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4921. PMID: 30776059Free PMC Article
Autoantibodies and pain.
Dawes JM, Vincent A
Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2016 Jun;10(2):137-42. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000211. PMID: 27100817

Recent systematic reviews

Risk Factors for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Extradural Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
Jin JY, Yu M, Xu RF, Sun Y, Li BH, Zhou FF
World Neurosurg 2023 Nov;179:e269-e280. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.075. PMID: 37625633
Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Localization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Systematic Review.
Xie M, Zhou K, Kachra S, McHugh T, Sommer DD
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022 May;36(3):397-406. Epub 2021 Nov 30 doi: 10.1177/19458924211060918. PMID: 34846218Free PMC Article
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after cranial surgery in the pediatric population-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Slot EMH, van Baarsen KM, Hoving EW, Zuithoff NPA, van Doormaal TPC
Childs Nerv Syst 2021 May;37(5):1439-1447. Epub 2021 Feb 4 doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05036-8. PMID: 33538867Free PMC Article
Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures.
Ratilal BO, Costa J, Pappamikail L, Sampaio C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Apr 28;2015(4):CD004884. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004884.pub4. PMID: 25918919Free PMC Article

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