U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormal patella morphology

MedGen UID:
867378
•Concept ID:
C4021743
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonym: Abnormality of the patella
 
HPO: HP:0003045

Definition

Abnormality of the patella (knee cap). [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Chondromalacia of patella
MedGen UID:
939
•Concept ID:
C0008475
•
Disease or Syndrome
Familial chondromalacia patellae is an inherited bone disorder described in 5 families in 1963 and is characterized by localized patellar pain and male-to-male transmission.
See: Condition Record
Chondromalacia of patella

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The management of the painful bipartite patella: a systematic review.
McMahon SE, LeRoux JA, Smith TO, Hing CB
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Sep;24(9):2798-2805. Epub 2015 Jan 7 doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-3498-z. PMID: 25564195
Patellar tendinopathy - recent developments toward treatment.
Christian RA, Rossy WH, Sherman OH
Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2014;72(3):217-24. PMID: 25429390
Evaluation and treatment of disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad.
Dragoo JL, Johnson C, McConnell J
Sports Med 2012 Jan 1;42(1):51-67. doi: 10.2165/11595680-000000000-00000. PMID: 22149697

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Patellar Instability: Imaging Findings.
De Leeuw A, Abidi S, Scarciolla L, Petersbourg D, Putman S, Cotten A
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2024 Jun;28(3):257-266. Epub 2024 May 20 doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1785538. PMID: 38768591
The expanding genetic and clinical landscape associated with Meier-Gorlin syndrome.
Nielsen-Dandoroff E, Ruegg MSG, Bicknell LS
Eur J Hum Genet 2023 Aug;31(8):859-868. Epub 2023 Apr 14 doi: 10.1038/s41431-023-01359-z. PMID: 37059840Free PMC Article
Patellar Instability - An Update.
Blønd L
Acta Orthop Belg 2017 Sep;83(3):367-386. PMID: 30423638
Meier-Gorlin syndrome.
de Munnik SA, Hoefsloot EH, Roukema J, Schoots J, Knoers NV, Brunner HG, Jackson AP, Bongers EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 Sep 17;10:114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0322-x. PMID: 26381604Free PMC Article
Patellar instability.
Koh JL, Stewart C
Clin Sports Med 2014 Jul;33(3):461-76. Epub 2014 May 29 doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2014.03.011. PMID: 24993410

Diagnosis

Genetics of the patella.
Samuels ME, Campeau PM
Eur J Hum Genet 2019 May;27(5):671-680. Epub 2019 Jan 21 doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0329-6. PMID: 30664715Free PMC Article
Meier-Gorlin syndrome.
de Munnik SA, Hoefsloot EH, Roukema J, Schoots J, Knoers NV, Brunner HG, Jackson AP, Bongers EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 Sep 17;10:114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0322-x. PMID: 26381604Free PMC Article
Patellar instability.
Koh JL, Stewart C
Clin Sports Med 2014 Jul;33(3):461-76. Epub 2014 May 29 doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2014.03.011. PMID: 24993410
Evaluation and treatment of disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad.
Dragoo JL, Johnson C, McConnell J
Sports Med 2012 Jan 1;42(1):51-67. doi: 10.2165/11595680-000000000-00000. PMID: 22149697
Patellofemoral instability.
White BJ, Sherman OH
Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 2009;67(1):22-9. PMID: 19302054

Therapy

Patella Baja in Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Lum ZC, Saiz AM, Pereira GC, Meehan JP
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2020 Apr 15;28(8):316-323. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00422. PMID: 31934927
Human RecQL4 helicase plays multifaceted roles in the genomic stability of normal and cancer cells.
Mo D, Zhao Y, Balajee AS
Cancer Lett 2018 Jan 28;413:1-10. Epub 2017 Nov 7 doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.021. PMID: 29080750
The management of the painful bipartite patella: a systematic review.
McMahon SE, LeRoux JA, Smith TO, Hing CB
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Sep;24(9):2798-2805. Epub 2015 Jan 7 doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-3498-z. PMID: 25564195
Patellar tendinopathy - recent developments toward treatment.
Christian RA, Rossy WH, Sherman OH
Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2014;72(3):217-24. PMID: 25429390
MRI of Hoffa's fat pad.
Saddik D, McNally EG, Richardson M
Skeletal Radiol 2004 Aug;33(8):433-44. Epub 2004 Jun 19 doi: 10.1007/s00256-003-0724-z. PMID: 15221217

Prognosis

Nail-patella syndrome.
Witzgall R
Pflugers Arch 2017 Aug;469(7-8):927-936. Epub 2017 Jul 5 doi: 10.1007/s00424-017-2013-z. PMID: 28681095
Scott-Taor syndrome.
Ayyıldız VA, Özgökçe M, Oğul H
Joint Bone Spine 2017 Dec;84(6):739. Epub 2017 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.01.007. PMID: 28196777
Collagen Type III Glomerulopathies.
Cohen AH
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2012 Mar;19(2):101-6. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2012.02.017. PMID: 22449347
Patellofemoral imaging.
Merchant AC
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001 Aug;(389):15-21. doi: 10.1097/00003086-200108000-00004. PMID: 11501803
Jumper's knee.
Ferretti A, Ippolito E, Mariani P, Puddu G
Am J Sports Med 1983 Mar-Apr;11(2):58-62. doi: 10.1177/036354658301100202. PMID: 6846682

Clinical prediction guides

The expanding genetic and clinical landscape associated with Meier-Gorlin syndrome.
Nielsen-Dandoroff E, Ruegg MSG, Bicknell LS
Eur J Hum Genet 2023 Aug;31(8):859-868. Epub 2023 Apr 14 doi: 10.1038/s41431-023-01359-z. PMID: 37059840Free PMC Article
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia Type 4.
Markova T, Kenis V, Melchenko E, Alieva A, Nagornova T, Orlova A, Ogorodova N, Shchagina O, Polyakov A, Dadali E, Kutsev S
Genes (Basel) 2022 Aug 24;13(9) doi: 10.3390/genes13091512. PMID: 36140680Free PMC Article
Genetics of patella hypoplasia/agenesis.
Vanlerberghe C, Boutry N, Petit F
Clin Genet 2018 Jul;94(1):43-53. Epub 2018 Apr 11 doi: 10.1111/cge.13209. PMID: 29322497
Total knee arthroplasty in elderly osteoporotic patients.
Spinarelli A, Petrera M, Vicenti G, Pesce V, Patella V
Aging Clin Exp Res 2011 Apr;23(2 Suppl):78-80. PMID: 21970933
Jumper's knee.
Ferretti A, Ippolito E, Mariani P, Puddu G
Am J Sports Med 1983 Mar-Apr;11(2):58-62. doi: 10.1177/036354658301100202. PMID: 6846682

Recent systematic reviews

Does patella alta lead to worse clinical outcome in patients who undergo isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction? A systematic review.
Bartsch A, Lubberts B, Mumme M, Egloff C, Pagenstert G
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2018 Nov;138(11):1563-1573. Epub 2018 Jun 11 doi: 10.1007/s00402-018-2971-4. PMID: 29948223
The management of the painful bipartite patella: a systematic review.
McMahon SE, LeRoux JA, Smith TO, Hing CB
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Sep;24(9):2798-2805. Epub 2015 Jan 7 doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-3498-z. PMID: 25564195
Evidence of Nervous System Sensitization in Commonly Presenting and Persistent Painful Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review.
Plinsinga ML, Brink MS, Vicenzino B, van Wilgen CP
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015 Nov;45(11):864-75. Epub 2015 Sep 21 doi: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5895. PMID: 26390275
Return to activity among athletes with a symptomatic bipartite patella: a systematic review.
Matic GT, Flanigan DC
Knee 2015 Sep;22(4):280-5. Epub 2015 Jan 17 doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2015.01.005. PMID: 26014341
Efficacy of surgical interventions for a bipartite patella.
Matic GT, Flanigan DC
Orthopedics 2014 Sep;37(9):623-8. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20140825-07. PMID: 25350615

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...