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West Haven Hepatic Encephalopathy Grade 3

MedGen UID:
854990
•Concept ID:
C3889290
•
Disease or Syndrome

Definition

Severe - symptoms or pathological characteristics include somnolence with some arousability, inability to perform mental tasks, disorientation about time and place, marked confusion, amnesia, occasional fits of rage, present but incomprehensible speech. (Adapted from: Hepatic Encephalopathy. David C Wolf. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186101-overview.) [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVWest Haven Hepatic Encephalopathy Grade 3

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Combined Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunt Embolization and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Gurtatta RS, Gaba RC, Herren JL
J Vasc Interv Radiol 2024 May;35(5):659-663. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.02.008. PMID: 38355039
Oral acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in hepatic encephalopathy: view of evidence-based medicine.
Jiang Q, Jiang G, Shi KQ, Cai H, Wang YX, Zheng MH
Ann Hepatol 2013 Sep-Oct;12(5):803-9. PMID: 24018499
Management of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt induced refractory hepatic encephalopathy with the parallel technique: results of a clinical follow-up study.
Maleux G, Heye S, Verslype C, Nevens F
J Vasc Interv Radiol 2007 Aug;18(8):986-92; quiz 993. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.05.009. PMID: 17675616

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Grade 1 Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Is a Predictor for Subsequent Grade 3 Failure.
Mahmud N, Sundaram V, Kaplan DE, Taddei TH, Goldberg DS
Hepatology 2020 Jul;72(1):230-239. Epub 2020 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/hep.31012. PMID: 31677284Free PMC Article
Characterization of Oxidative Stress and Ammonia According to the Different Grades of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Montes-Cortes DH, Olivares-Corichi IM, Rosas-Barrientos JV, Manuel-Apolinar L, Martìnez-Godinez MLA, Hernández-López JC, Cruz-Dominguez MDP
Dig Dis 2020;38(3):240-250. Epub 2019 Oct 2 doi: 10.1159/000503097. PMID: 31578013
Electro-Radiological Observations of Grade III/IV Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients with Seizures.
Newey CR, George P, Sarwal A, So N, Hantus S
Neurocrit Care 2018 Feb;28(1):97-103. doi: 10.1007/s12028-017-0435-2. PMID: 28791561
Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in China.
Li SW, Wang K, Yu YQ, Wang HB, Li YH, Xu JM
World J Gastroenterol 2013 Dec 14;19(46):8745-51. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8745. PMID: 24379595Free PMC Article
Melatonin secretion and metabolism in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Chojnacki C, Wachowska-Kelly P, Błasiak J, Reiter RJ, Chojnacki J
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013 Feb;28(2):342-7. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12055. PMID: 23190028

Diagnosis

Electro-Radiological Observations of Grade III/IV Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients with Seizures.
Newey CR, George P, Sarwal A, So N, Hantus S
Neurocrit Care 2018 Feb;28(1):97-103. doi: 10.1007/s12028-017-0435-2. PMID: 28791561
Overt hepatic encephalopathy: development of a novel clinician reported outcome tool and electronic caregiver diary.
Bajaj JS, Frederick RT, Bass NM, Ghabril M, Coyne K, Margolis MK, Santoro M, Coakley DF, Mokhtarani M, Jurek M, Scharschmidt BF
Metab Brain Dis 2016 Oct;31(5):1081-93. Epub 2016 Jun 9 doi: 10.1007/s11011-016-9851-9. PMID: 27278222
Ammonia levels and the severity of hepatic encephalopathy.
Qureshi MO, Khokhar N, Shafqat F
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014 Mar;24(3):160-3. PMID: 24613109
Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in China.
Li SW, Wang K, Yu YQ, Wang HB, Li YH, Xu JM
World J Gastroenterol 2013 Dec 14;19(46):8745-51. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8745. PMID: 24379595Free PMC Article
Oral acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in hepatic encephalopathy: view of evidence-based medicine.
Jiang Q, Jiang G, Shi KQ, Cai H, Wang YX, Zheng MH
Ann Hepatol 2013 Sep-Oct;12(5):803-9. PMID: 24018499

Therapy

High Incidence of Hepatic Encephalopathy After Viatorr Controlled Expansion Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.
Kloster ML, Ren A, Shah KY, Alqadi MM, Bui JT, Lipnik AJ, Niemeyer MM, Ray CE, Gaba RC
Dig Dis Sci 2021 Nov;66(11):4058-4062. Epub 2020 Nov 24 doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06716-2. PMID: 33236314
Overt hepatic encephalopathy: development of a novel clinician reported outcome tool and electronic caregiver diary.
Bajaj JS, Frederick RT, Bass NM, Ghabril M, Coyne K, Margolis MK, Santoro M, Coakley DF, Mokhtarani M, Jurek M, Scharschmidt BF
Metab Brain Dis 2016 Oct;31(5):1081-93. Epub 2016 Jun 9 doi: 10.1007/s11011-016-9851-9. PMID: 27278222
Evaluation of rifaximin in management of hepatic encephalopathy.
Wahib AA, El-Deen Salem MN, Ahmed MA, El-Dessouky YM, El-Tiby DM, El-Mola K, El-Sayed AM
J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2014 Dec;44(3):677-85. doi: 10.12816/0007871. PMID: 25643509
Oral acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in hepatic encephalopathy: view of evidence-based medicine.
Jiang Q, Jiang G, Shi KQ, Cai H, Wang YX, Zheng MH
Ann Hepatol 2013 Sep-Oct;12(5):803-9. PMID: 24018499
Profile of hepatic encephalopathy in children with cirrhosis and response to lactulose.
Sharma P, Sharma BC
Saudi J Gastroenterol 2011 Mar-Apr;17(2):138-41. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.77246. PMID: 21372353Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Bacterial DNA Translocation Is Associated With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy and Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis.
Thanapirom K, Suksawatamnuay S, Wejnaruemarn S, Thaimai P, Siripon N, Ananchuensook P, Sriphoosanaphan S, Vanichanan J, Treeprasertsuk S, Poovorawan Y, Komolmit P
Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024 May 1;15(5):e00697. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000697. PMID: 38488171Free PMC Article
High Incidence of Hepatic Encephalopathy After Viatorr Controlled Expansion Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.
Kloster ML, Ren A, Shah KY, Alqadi MM, Bui JT, Lipnik AJ, Niemeyer MM, Ray CE, Gaba RC
Dig Dis Sci 2021 Nov;66(11):4058-4062. Epub 2020 Nov 24 doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06716-2. PMID: 33236314
Grade 1 Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Is a Predictor for Subsequent Grade 3 Failure.
Mahmud N, Sundaram V, Kaplan DE, Taddei TH, Goldberg DS
Hepatology 2020 Jul;72(1):230-239. Epub 2020 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/hep.31012. PMID: 31677284Free PMC Article
Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in China.
Li SW, Wang K, Yu YQ, Wang HB, Li YH, Xu JM
World J Gastroenterol 2013 Dec 14;19(46):8745-51. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8745. PMID: 24379595Free PMC Article
Profile of hepatic encephalopathy in children with cirrhosis and response to lactulose.
Sharma P, Sharma BC
Saudi J Gastroenterol 2011 Mar-Apr;17(2):138-41. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.77246. PMID: 21372353Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

High Incidence of Hepatic Encephalopathy After Viatorr Controlled Expansion Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.
Kloster ML, Ren A, Shah KY, Alqadi MM, Bui JT, Lipnik AJ, Niemeyer MM, Ray CE, Gaba RC
Dig Dis Sci 2021 Nov;66(11):4058-4062. Epub 2020 Nov 24 doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06716-2. PMID: 33236314
Grade 1 Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Is a Predictor for Subsequent Grade 3 Failure.
Mahmud N, Sundaram V, Kaplan DE, Taddei TH, Goldberg DS
Hepatology 2020 Jul;72(1):230-239. Epub 2020 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/hep.31012. PMID: 31677284Free PMC Article
Characterization of Oxidative Stress and Ammonia According to the Different Grades of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Montes-Cortes DH, Olivares-Corichi IM, Rosas-Barrientos JV, Manuel-Apolinar L, Martìnez-Godinez MLA, Hernández-López JC, Cruz-Dominguez MDP
Dig Dis 2020;38(3):240-250. Epub 2019 Oct 2 doi: 10.1159/000503097. PMID: 31578013
Electro-Radiological Observations of Grade III/IV Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients with Seizures.
Newey CR, George P, Sarwal A, So N, Hantus S
Neurocrit Care 2018 Feb;28(1):97-103. doi: 10.1007/s12028-017-0435-2. PMID: 28791561
Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in China.
Li SW, Wang K, Yu YQ, Wang HB, Li YH, Xu JM
World J Gastroenterol 2013 Dec 14;19(46):8745-51. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8745. PMID: 24379595Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Oral acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in hepatic encephalopathy: view of evidence-based medicine.
Jiang Q, Jiang G, Shi KQ, Cai H, Wang YX, Zheng MH
Ann Hepatol 2013 Sep-Oct;12(5):803-9. PMID: 24018499

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