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Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 8(HPS8)

MedGen UID:
854728
Concept ID:
C3888026
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: HPS8
 
Gene (location): BLOC1S3 (19q13.32)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013560
OMIM®: 614077
Orphanet: ORPHA231537

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and, in some individuals, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and/or immunodeficiency. Ocular findings include nystagmus, reduced iris pigment, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia with significant reduction in visual acuity (usually in the range of 20/50 to 20/400), and strabismus in many individuals. Hair color ranges from white to brown; skin color ranges from white to olive and is usually at least a shade lighter than that of other family members. The bleeding diathesis can result in variable degrees of bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, colonic bleeding, and prolonged bleeding with menses or after tooth extraction, circumcision, and/or other surgeries. Pulmonary fibrosis, colitis, and/or neutropenia have been reported in individuals with pathogenic variants in some HPS-related genes. Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive lung disease, typically causes symptoms in the early 30s and can progress to death within a decade. Granulomatous colitis is severe in about 15% of affected individuals. Neutropenia and/or immune defects occur primarily in individuals with pathogenic variants in AP3B1 and AP3D1. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Wendy J Introne  |  Marjan Huizing  |  May Christine V Malicdan, et. al.   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-8 (HPS8) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized hypopigmentation, reduced visual acuity, and prolonged bleeding of varying severity. The eye phenotype includes nystagmus, iris transilluminancy, foveal hypoplasia, and evidence of optic pathway misrouting (Morgan et al., 2006, Cullinane et al., 2012). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, see HPS1 (203300).  http://www.omim.org/entry/614077

Clinical features

From HPO
Epistaxis
MedGen UID:
4996
Concept ID:
C0014591
Pathologic Function
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, refers to a hemorrhage localized in the nose.
Gingival bleeding
MedGen UID:
42218
Concept ID:
C0017565
Pathologic Function
Hemorrhage affecting the gingiva.
Menorrhagia
MedGen UID:
44358
Concept ID:
C0025323
Pathologic Function
Prolonged and excessive menses at regular intervals in excess of 80 mL or lasting longer than 7 days.
Impaired platelet aggregation
MedGen UID:
383786
Concept ID:
C1855853
Finding
An impairment in the rate and degree to which platelets aggregate after the addition of an agonist that stimulates platelet clumping. Platelet aggregation is measured using aggregometer to measure the optical density of platelet-rich plasma, whereby platelet aggregation causes the plasma to become more transparent.
Excessive bleeding after a venipuncture
MedGen UID:
868217
Concept ID:
C4022609
Pathologic Function
An abnormal high amount of bleeding following the procedure of taking a blood sample.
Excessive bleeding from superficial cuts
MedGen UID:
868218
Concept ID:
C4022610
Pathologic Function
An abnormally increased degree of bleeding following a superficial injury to the surface of the skin.
Albinism
MedGen UID:
182
Concept ID:
C0001916
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal reduction in the amount of pigmentation (reduced or absent) of skin, hair and eye (iris and retina).
Bruising susceptibility
MedGen UID:
140849
Concept ID:
C0423798
Finding
An ecchymosis (bruise) refers to the skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising. The corresponding phenotypic abnormality is generally elicited on medical history as a report of frequent ecchymoses or bruising without adequate trauma.
Silver-gray hair
MedGen UID:
322949
Concept ID:
C1836576
Finding
Hypopigmented hair that appears silver-gray.
Generalized hypopigmentation
MedGen UID:
340426
Concept ID:
C1849923
Finding
Astigmatism
MedGen UID:
2473
Concept ID:
C0004106
Disease or Syndrome
Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998).
Esotropia
MedGen UID:
4550
Concept ID:
C0014877
Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes turned inward ('crossed') to a relatively severe degree, usually defined as 10 diopters or more.
Exotropia
MedGen UID:
4613
Concept ID:
C0015310
Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.
Hypermetropia
MedGen UID:
43780
Concept ID:
C0020490
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry.
Myopia
MedGen UID:
44558
Concept ID:
C0027092
Disease or Syndrome
Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Ocular albinism
MedGen UID:
38147
Concept ID:
C0078917
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormal reduction in the amount of pigmentation (reduced or absent) of the iris and retina.
Reduced visual acuity
MedGen UID:
65889
Concept ID:
C0234632
Finding
Diminished clarity of vision.
High myopia
MedGen UID:
78759
Concept ID:
C0271183
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of myopia with greater than -6.00 diopters.
Horizontal nystagmus
MedGen UID:
124399
Concept ID:
C0271385
Disease or Syndrome
Nystagmus consisting of horizontal to-and-fro eye movements.
Pendular nystagmus
MedGen UID:
78770
Concept ID:
C0271388
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary sinusoidal oscillations of one or both eyes. The waveform of pendular nystagmus may occur in any direction.
Optic disc pallor
MedGen UID:
108218
Concept ID:
C0554970
Finding
A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disc (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression.
Blue irides
MedGen UID:
108297
Concept ID:
C0578626
Finding
A markedly blue coloration of the iris.
Iris transillumination defect
MedGen UID:
786045
Concept ID:
C1096099
Anatomical Abnormality
Transmission of light through the iris as visualized upon slit lamp examination or infrared iris transillumination videography. The light passes through defects in the pigmentation of the iris.
Hyperopia, high
MedGen UID:
341009
Concept ID:
C1855925
Finding
A severe form of hypermetropia with over +5.00 diopters.
Myopic astigmatism
MedGen UID:
748561
Concept ID:
C2363771
Disease or Syndrome
A condition where one or both of the two principal meridians focus in the front of the retina when the eye is at rest.
Foveal hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
393047
Concept ID:
C2673946
Finding
Underdevelopment of the fovea centralis.
Moderate hypermetropia
MedGen UID:
1637815
Concept ID:
C4703504
Disease or Syndrome
A form of hypermetropia with more than +2.00 diopters but not more than +5.00 diopters.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Homma S, Ebina M, Kuwano K, Goto H, Sakai F, Sakamoto S, Johkoh T, Sugino K, Tachibana T, Terasaki Y, Nishioka Y, Hagiwara K, Hashimoto N, Hasegawa Y, Hebisawa A; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Study Group on Diffuse Pulmonary Disorders, Scientific Research/Research on Intractable Diseases, and Japanese Respiratory Society
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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006 Jan;4(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00858-x. PMID: 16431308

Recent clinical studies

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Prognosis

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Clinical prediction guides

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Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019 Feb 21;14(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1023-7. PMID: 30791930Free PMC Article
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Eur J Haematol 2019 May;102(5):432-436. Epub 2019 Mar 6 doi: 10.1111/ejh.13210. PMID: 30659653Free PMC Article
O'Brien KJ, Introne WJ, Akal O, Akal T, Barbu A, McGowan MP, Merideth MA, Seward SL Jr, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR
Mol Genet Metab 2018 Sep;125(1-2):168-173. Epub 2018 Jul 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.07.012. PMID: 30055995
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Trends Mol Med 2002 Jan;8(1):23-30. doi: 10.1016/s1471-4914(01)02227-4. PMID: 11796263

Recent systematic reviews

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