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Megacolon

MedGen UID:: 6285
•Concept ID:: C0025160
•: Pathologic Function

Synonym:	Megacolons
SNOMED CT:	Megacolon (33995003); Dilatation of colon (33995003)

HPO:	HP:6000852
Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0001273

Definition

Persistent and substantial increase in diameter diameter and length of the colon. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVMegacolon

Disorder of digestive system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
  - Abnormal digestive system morphology
    - Abnormal gastrointestinal tract morphology
      - Abnormal intestine morphology
        Abnormal large intestine morphology
        Megacolon
        Aganglionic megacolon
        Aganglionosis, total intestinal
        Total colonic aganglionosis
        Hirschsprung disease, cardiac defects, and autonomic dysfunction
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 1
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 2
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 3
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 4
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 5
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 6
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 7
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 8
        Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 9
        Long-segment aganglionic megacolon
        Short segment Hirschsprung disease
        Short-segment aganglionic megacolon
        Toxic megacolon

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.

Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253

Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.

Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951

Hirschsprung's disease: diagnosis and management.

Kessmann J
Am Fam Physician 2006 Oct 15;74(8):1319-22. PMID: 17087425

See all (111)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clostridioides difficile Colitis.

Pumiglia L, Wilson L, Rashidi L
Surg Clin North Am 2024 Jun;104(3):545-556. Epub 2023 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.005. PMID: 38677819

A Review of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.

Abad CLR, Safdar N
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):323-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34024444

Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.

Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951

Gastrointestinal Motility Problems in Critically Ill Patients.

Frazer C, Hussey L, Bemker M
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2018 Mar;30(1):109-121. Epub 2017 Nov 29 doi: 10.1016/j.cnc.2017.10.010. PMID: 29413206

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.

Saunders MD
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007;21(4):671-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.03.001. PMID: 17643908

See all (540)

Diagnosis

Symptoms and diagnostic criteria of acquired Megacolon - a systematic literature review.

Cuda T, Gunnarsson R, de Costa A
BMC Gastroenterol 2018 Jan 31;18(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0753-7. PMID: 29385992 Free PMC Article

Toxic megacolon.

Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC
Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012 Mar;18(3):584-91. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21847. PMID: 22009735

Toxic megacolon.

Present DH
Med Clin North Am 1993 Sep;77(5):1129-48. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30214-0. PMID: 8371619

Toxic megacolon.

Thomford NR
Surg Annu 1980;12:341-50. PMID: 6996173

Hirschsprung's disease.

Schnaufer L
Surg Clin North Am 1976 Apr;56(2):349-59. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)40881-9. PMID: 1265600

See all (942)

Therapy

A Review of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.

Abad CLR, Safdar N
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):323-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34024444

CT features of toxic megacolon: A systematic review.

Eghbali E, Akhavi Milani A, Shirmohamadi M, Hosseinifard H
Radiography (Lond) 2021 May;27(2):716-720. Epub 2020 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.019. PMID: 33189537

Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.

Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253

Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.

Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.

Saunders MD
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007;21(4):671-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.03.001. PMID: 17643908

See all (450)

Prognosis

Clostridioides difficile Colitis.

Pumiglia L, Wilson L, Rashidi L
Surg Clin North Am 2024 Jun;104(3):545-556. Epub 2023 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.005. PMID: 38677819

A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis().

Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, Ziade N, Hashash JG
Dis Mon 2019 Dec;65(12):100851. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.02.004. PMID: 30837080

Clostridium difficile infection.

Alcalá Hernández L, Reigadas Ramírez E, Bouza Santiago E
Med Clin (Barc) 2017 May 23;148(10):456-463. Epub 2017 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.01.033. PMID: 28396132

Clostridium Difficile Infection in Children: A Review.

Borali E, De Giacomo C
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016 Dec;63(6):e130-e140. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001264. PMID: 27182626

Toxic megacolon.

Present DH
Med Clin North Am 1993 Sep;77(5):1129-48. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30214-0. PMID: 8371619

See all (370)

Clinical prediction guides

Adult-onset megacolon with focal hypoganglionosis: A detailed phenotyping and prospective cohort study.

Yoon J, Jung KW, Ham NS, Kim J, Do YS, Kim SO, Choi SH, Kim DW, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Yu CS, Jung HY, Yang SK, Martin JE, Knowles CH, Myung SJ
Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023 Sep;35(9):e14630. Epub 2023 Jul 1 doi: 10.1111/nmo.14630. PMID: 37392417

Persistent intolerable abdominal pain in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Kataoka H, Sugie K
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023 Jan;224:107558. Epub 2022 Dec 13 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107558. PMID: 36565687

A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis().

Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, Ziade N, Hashash JG
Dis Mon 2019 Dec;65(12):100851. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.02.004. PMID: 30837080

Infectious diseases causing autonomic dysfunction.

Carod-Artal FJ
Clin Auton Res 2018 Feb;28(1):67-81. Epub 2017 Jul 20 doi: 10.1007/s10286-017-0452-4. PMID: 28730326

Chagasic megacolon: enteric neurons and related structures.

Jabari S, de Oliveira EC, Brehmer A, da Silveira AB
Histochem Cell Biol 2014 Sep;142(3):235-44. Epub 2014 Jul 25 doi: 10.1007/s00418-014-1250-x. PMID: 25059649 Free PMC Article

See all (261)

Recent systematic reviews

Symptoms and diagnostic criteria of acquired Megacolon - a systematic literature review.

Cuda T, Gunnarsson R, de Costa A
BMC Gastroenterol 2018 Jan 31;18(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0753-7. PMID: 29385992 Free PMC Article

Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work?

Moura FA, de Andrade KQ, Dos Santos JCF, Araújo ORP, Goulart MOF
Redox Biol 2015 Dec;6:617-639. Epub 2015 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006. PMID: 26520808 Free PMC Article

Clostridium difficile: epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities-a systematic review.

Kazanowski M, Smolarek S, Kinnarney F, Grzebieniak Z
Tech Coloproctol 2014 Mar;18(3):223-32. Epub 2013 Nov 1 doi: 10.1007/s10151-013-1081-0. PMID: 24178946 Free PMC Article

Association of Hirschsprung's disease and anorectal malformation: a systematic review.

Hofmann AD, Puri P
Pediatr Surg Int 2013 Sep;29(9):913-7. doi: 10.1007/s00383-013-3352-2. PMID: 23948812

Systematic review of surgical options for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon.

Gladman MA, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ, Williams NS
Ann Surg 2005 Apr;241(4):562-74. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000157140.69695.d3. PMID: 15798457 Free PMC Article

See all (22)

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Megacolon

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

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Practice guidelines

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