U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

MedGen UID:
473743
•Concept ID:
C3160858
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome; Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome
SNOMED CT: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (450886002); Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (450886002)

Definition

An acute or subacute reversible condition characterized by headaches, mental status changes, visual disturbances, and seizures associated with imaging findings of posterior leukoencephalopathy. It has been observed in association with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, and immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drug treatment. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A review of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment.
Singhal AB
Int J Stroke 2023 Dec;18(10):1151-1160. Epub 2023 Jun 12 doi: 10.1177/17474930231181250. PMID: 37246916
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management.
Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T
Pract Neurol 2022 Jun;22(3):183-189. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194. PMID: 35046115
Acute stroke differential diagnosis: Stroke mimics.
Vilela P
Eur J Radiol 2017 Nov;96:133-144. Epub 2017 May 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.05.008. PMID: 28551302

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A review of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment.
Singhal AB
Int J Stroke 2023 Dec;18(10):1151-1160. Epub 2023 Jun 12 doi: 10.1177/17474930231181250. PMID: 37246916
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: review of neuroimaging findings.
Perillo T, Paolella C, Perrotta G, Serino A, Caranci F, Manto A
Radiol Med 2022 Sep;127(9):981-990. Epub 2022 Aug 6 doi: 10.1007/s11547-022-01532-2. PMID: 35932443Free PMC Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.
Ando Y, Ono Y, Sano A, Fujita N, Ono S
Intern Med 2022 Jan 15;61(2):135-141. Epub 2021 Jul 17 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7520-21. PMID: 34275982Free PMC Article
Eclampsia in the 21st century.
Fishel Bartal M, Sibai BM
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Feb;226(2S):S1237-S1253. Epub 2020 Sep 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.037. PMID: 32980358
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.
Gewirtz AN, Gao V, Parauda SC, Robbins MS
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021 Feb 25;25(3):19. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00932-1. PMID: 33630183Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management.
Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T
Pract Neurol 2022 Jun;22(3):183-189. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194. PMID: 35046115
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.
Ando Y, Ono Y, Sano A, Fujita N, Ono S
Intern Med 2022 Jan 15;61(2):135-141. Epub 2021 Jul 17 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7520-21. PMID: 34275982Free PMC Article
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
Fischer M, Schmutzhard E
J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1608-1616. Epub 2017 Jan 4 doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8377-8. PMID: 28054130Free PMC Article
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology, and outstanding questions.
Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA
Lancet Neurol 2015 Sep;14(9):914-925. Epub 2015 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00111-8. PMID: 26184985
Radiology update in neuro-ophthalmology.
Pula JH, Daily J, DeSanto J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011 Nov;22(6):451-7. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32834c46aa. PMID: 21946306

Therapy

Management of the kidney transplant recipient in the intensive care unit.
Voora S, Shah S, Nadim MK
Curr Opin Crit Care 2023 Dec 1;29(6):587-594. Epub 2023 Sep 26 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001098. PMID: 37861189
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management.
Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T
Pract Neurol 2022 Jun;22(3):183-189. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194. PMID: 35046115
Eclampsia in the 21st century.
Fishel Bartal M, Sibai BM
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Feb;226(2S):S1237-S1253. Epub 2020 Sep 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.037. PMID: 32980358
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): presentation, diagnosis and treatment.
Parasher A, Jhamb R
Postgrad Med J 2020 Oct;96(1140):623-628. Epub 2020 May 28 doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137706. PMID: 32467104
Toxic leukoencephalopathies.
Tormoehlen LM
Psychiatr Clin North Am 2013 Jun;36(2):277-92. Epub 2013 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2013.02.006. PMID: 23688692

Prognosis

Neurological Complications of Dengue Fever.
Trivedi S, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022 Aug;22(8):515-529. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01213-7. PMID: 35727463Free PMC Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.
Gewirtz AN, Gao V, Parauda SC, Robbins MS
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021 Feb 25;25(3):19. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00932-1. PMID: 33630183Free PMC Article
Acute stroke differential diagnosis: Stroke mimics.
Vilela P
Eur J Radiol 2017 Nov;96:133-144. Epub 2017 May 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.05.008. PMID: 28551302
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
Fischer M, Schmutzhard E
J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1608-1616. Epub 2017 Jan 4 doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8377-8. PMID: 28054130Free PMC Article
Toxic leukoencephalopathies.
Tormoehlen LM
Psychiatr Clin North Am 2013 Jun;36(2):277-92. Epub 2013 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2013.02.006. PMID: 23688692

Clinical prediction guides

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A review of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment.
Singhal AB
Int J Stroke 2023 Dec;18(10):1151-1160. Epub 2023 Jun 12 doi: 10.1177/17474930231181250. PMID: 37246916
Acute Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease.
Chang S, Schecht M, Jain R, Belani P
Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023 Feb;33(1):57-68. Epub 2022 Jul 18 doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.003. PMID: 36404047Free PMC Article
Neurological Complications of Dengue Fever.
Trivedi S, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022 Aug;22(8):515-529. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01213-7. PMID: 35727463Free PMC Article
Eclampsia in the 21st century.
Fishel Bartal M, Sibai BM
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Feb;226(2S):S1237-S1253. Epub 2020 Sep 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.037. PMID: 32980358
Acute stroke differential diagnosis: Stroke mimics.
Vilela P
Eur J Radiol 2017 Nov;96:133-144. Epub 2017 May 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.05.008. PMID: 28551302

Recent systematic reviews

Frequency of ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) - A systematic review.
Kaufmann J, Buecke P, Meinel T, Beyeler M, Scutelnic A, Kaesmacher J, Mujanović A, Dobrocky T, Arsany H, Peters N, Z'Graggen W, Jung S, Seiffge D
Eur J Neurol 2024 May;31(5):e16246. Epub 2024 Mar 12 doi: 10.1111/ene.16246. PMID: 38470001Free PMC Article
Porphyria-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and central nervous system dysfunction.
Jaramillo-Calle DA, Solano JM, Rabinstein AA, Bonkovsky HL
Mol Genet Metab 2019 Nov;128(3):242-253. Epub 2019 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.011. PMID: 31706631
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and infection: a systematic review of the literature.
Racchiusa S, Mormina E, Ax A, Musumeci O, Longo M, Granata F
Neurol Sci 2019 May;40(5):915-922. Epub 2019 Jan 2 doi: 10.1007/s10072-018-3651-4. PMID: 30604335
The multifactorial origin of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in cyclophosphamide-treated lupus patients.
Zekić T, Benić MS, Antulov R, Antončić I, Novak S
Rheumatol Int 2017 Dec;37(12):2105-2114. Epub 2017 Oct 17 doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3843-x. PMID: 29043491
Chemotherapy-associated Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
How J, Blattner M, Fowler S, Wang-Gillam A, Schindler SE
Neurologist 2016 Nov;21(6):112-117. doi: 10.1097/NRL.0000000000000105. PMID: 27801773Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...