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Demyelination

MedGen UID:
3720
•Concept ID:
C0011304
•
Pathologic Function
Synonym: Demyelinations
SNOMED CT: Demyelination (32693004); Myelinolysis (32693004); Myelinoclasis (32693004)

Definition

Breakdown, or abnormal development, of a nerve fiber myelin sheath. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVDemyelination

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia: A Review.
Adrogué HJ, Tucker BM, Madias NE
JAMA 2022 Jul 19;328(3):280-291. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.11176. PMID: 35852524
Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.
McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD
JAMA 2021 Feb 23;325(8):765-779. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.26858. PMID: 33620411
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyponatremia: Compilation of the Guidelines.
Hoorn EJ, Zietse R
J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 May;28(5):1340-1349. Epub 2017 Feb 7 doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016101139. PMID: 28174217Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hyponatremia Demystified: Integrating Physiology to Shape Clinical Practice.
Workeneh BT, Meena P, Christ-Crain M, Rondon-Berrios H
Adv Kidney Dis Health 2023 Mar;30(2):85-101. Epub 2022 Dec 14 doi: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.11.004. PMID: 36868737Free PMC Article
Hyponatremia in Cirrhosis.
Rondon-Berrios H, Velez JCQ
Clin Liver Dis 2022 May;26(2):149-164. Epub 2022 Apr 1 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.01.001. PMID: 35487602Free PMC Article
Central Pontine Myelinosis and Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.
Lambeck J, Hieber M, Dreßing A, Niesen WD
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019 Sep 2;116(35-36):600-606. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0600. PMID: 31587708Free PMC Article
Nerve conduction studies: Basic concepts.
Tavee J
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;160:217-224. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64032-1.00014-X. PMID: 31277849
Hyponatremia: A Review.
Buffington MA, Abreo K
J Intensive Care Med 2016 May;31(4):223-36. Epub 2015 Jan 14 doi: 10.1177/0885066614566794. PMID: 25592330

Diagnosis

Disorders of Sodium.
Alindogan A, Joseph R
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023 Nov;41(4):697-709. Epub 2023 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.06.003. PMID: 37758418
Hyponatremia Demystified: Integrating Physiology to Shape Clinical Practice.
Workeneh BT, Meena P, Christ-Crain M, Rondon-Berrios H
Adv Kidney Dis Health 2023 Mar;30(2):85-101. Epub 2022 Dec 14 doi: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.11.004. PMID: 36868737Free PMC Article
Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Update.
Pérez CA, Cuascut FX, Hutton GJ
Neurol Clin 2023 Feb;41(1):87-106. Epub 2022 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.05.004. PMID: 36400561
Trigeminal neuralgia - diagnosis and treatment.
Maarbjerg S, Di Stefano G, Bendtsen L, Cruccu G
Cephalalgia 2017 Jun;37(7):648-657. Epub 2017 Jan 11 doi: 10.1177/0333102416687280. PMID: 28076964
Hyponatremia: A Review.
Buffington MA, Abreo K
J Intensive Care Med 2016 May;31(4):223-36. Epub 2015 Jan 14 doi: 10.1177/0885066614566794. PMID: 25592330

Therapy

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.
Carnero Contentti E, Correale J
J Neuroinflammation 2021 Sep 16;18(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02249-1. PMID: 34530847Free PMC Article
Immunoglobulin administration for the treatment of CIDP: IVIG or SCIG?
Allen JA, Gelinas DF, Freimer M, Runken MC, Wolfe GI
J Neurol Sci 2020 Jan 15;408:116497. Epub 2019 Nov 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116497. PMID: 31765922
Experimental models of demyelination and remyelination.
Torre-Fuentes L, Moreno-Jiménez L, Pytel V, Matías-Guiu JA, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2020 Jan-Feb;35(1):32-39. Epub 2017 Aug 31 doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.07.002. PMID: 28863829Free PMC Article
Hyponatremia: A Review.
Buffington MA, Abreo K
J Intensive Care Med 2016 May;31(4):223-36. Epub 2015 Jan 14 doi: 10.1177/0885066614566794. PMID: 25592330
Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations.
Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Korzelius C, Schrier RW, Sterns RH, Thompson CJ
Am J Med 2013 Oct;126(10 Suppl 1):S1-42. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.07.006. PMID: 24074529

Prognosis

Potential Biomarkers Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.
Mathur D, Mishra BK, Rout S, Lopez-Iranzo FJ, Lopez-Rodas G, Vallamkondu J, Kandimalla R, Casanova B
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Sep 25;22(19) doi: 10.3390/ijms221910323. PMID: 34638664Free PMC Article
Dysautonomia in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Prevalence, Clinical Spectrum, and Outcomes.
Chakraborty T, Kramer CL, Wijdicks EFM, Rabinstein AA
Neurocrit Care 2020 Feb;32(1):113-120. doi: 10.1007/s12028-019-00781-w. PMID: 31297663
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923
Charcot-Marie-tooth disease.
Casasnovas C, Cano LM, Albertí A, Céspedes M, Rigo G
Foot Ankle Spec 2008 Dec;1(6):350-4. Epub 2008 Oct 22 doi: 10.1177/1938640008326247. PMID: 19825739
Leigh's syndrome.
Mannan AA, Sharma MC, Shrivastava P, Ralte AM, Gupta V, Behari M, Sarkar C
Indian J Pediatr 2004 Nov;71(11):1029-33. doi: 10.1007/BF02828121. PMID: 15572826

Clinical prediction guides

Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis.
López-Muguruza E, Matute C
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Aug 18;24(16) doi: 10.3390/ijms241612912. PMID: 37629092Free PMC Article
Multiple Sclerosis and Aging: The Dynamics of Demyelination and Remyelination.
Correale J, Ysrraelit MC
ASN Neuro 2022 Jan-Dec;14:17590914221118502. doi: 10.1177/17590914221118502. PMID: 35938615Free PMC Article
The Eph receptor A4 plays a role in demyelination and depression-related behavior.
Li Y, Su P, Chen Y, Nie J, Yuan TF, Wong AH, Liu F
J Clin Invest 2022 Apr 15;132(8) doi: 10.1172/JCI152187. PMID: 35271507Free PMC Article
Imaging in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy.
van de Stadt SIW, Huffnagel IC, Turk BR, van der Knaap MS, Engelen M
Neuropediatrics 2021 Aug;52(4):252-260. Epub 2021 Jun 30 doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1730937. PMID: 34192790
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923

Recent systematic reviews

Triggers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Campylobacter jejuni Predominates.
Finsterer J
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Nov 17;23(22) doi: 10.3390/ijms232214222. PMID: 36430700Free PMC Article
Complementary and alternative therapies in multiple sclerosis: a systematic literature classification and analysis.
Arji G, Rezaeizadeh H, Moghadasi AN, Sahraian MA, Karimi M, Alizadeh M
Acta Neurol Belg 2022 Apr;122(2):281-303. Epub 2022 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s13760-021-01847-3. PMID: 35060096
Association of CNS demyelination and COVID-19 infection: an updated systematic review.
Ismail II, Salama S
J Neurol 2022 Feb;269(2):541-576. Epub 2021 Aug 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10752-x. PMID: 34386902Free PMC Article
Multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kosmidou M, Katsanos AH, Katsanos KH, Kyritsis AP, Tsivgoulis G, Christodoulou D, Giannopoulos S
J Neurol 2017 Feb;264(2):254-259. Epub 2016 Nov 22 doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8340-8. PMID: 27878439
Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: a systematic review.
Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA
Eur J Neurol 2014 Dec;21(12):1443-50. Epub 2014 Sep 15 doi: 10.1111/ene.12571. PMID: 25220878

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