Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.

Ambiguous genitalia in an individual with XY genetic gender.

Ambiguous genitalia in an individual with XX genetic gender.

Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).

A dislocation of the head of the radius from its socket in the elbow joint.

Shortening of the middle parts of the limbs (forearm and lower leg) in relation to the upper and terminal segments.

Absence of the fibula.

Syndactyly with fusion of toes four and five.

Absence of the proximal interphalangeal flexion creases of the fingers.

Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).

Disproportionate shortening of the proximal segment of limbs (i.e. the femur and humerus).

An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the humerus.

Syndactyly with fusion of toes two and three.

A kind of short stature in which different regions of the body are shortened to differing extents.

Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.

An abnormal narrowing of the external auditory canal.

A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).

A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.

Presence of all the normal ear components and the median longitudinal length more than two standard deviations below the mean.

A defect of development of the brain characterized by replacement of greater portions of the cerebral hemispheres and the corpus striatum by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and glial tissue.

Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.

Displacement of the femur from its normal location in the hip joint.

Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.

Contractures of one ore more joints of the hands meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.

Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.

A chronic loss of wrist joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevent normal movement of the joints of the wrist.

Increased length of the clavicles.

The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.

Underdeveloped scapula.

Underdevelopment of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.

Underdevelopment of the ilium ala.

Underdevelopment of the pubis, which together with the ilium and the ischium, is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone.

The rib cage has the shape of a wide mouthed bell. That is, the superior portion of the rib cage is constricted, followed by a convex region, and the inferior portion of the rib cage expands again to have a large diameter.

Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.

A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.

Decreased length and width of the tongue.

Distance between the medial and lateral canthi is more than 2 SD below the mean for age (objective); or, apparently reduced length of the palpebral fissures.

Diminished length of the neck.

Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between the hairline and the glabella.

Increased width of the alveolar ridges.

Reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids.

Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).

Excess facial hair.

Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Microphthalmia is an eye abnormality that arises before birth. In this condition, one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. In some affected individuals, the eyeball may appear to be completely missing; however, even in these cases some remaining eye tissue is generally present. Such severe microphthalmia should be distinguished from another condition called anophthalmia, in which no eyeball forms at all. However, the terms anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia are often used interchangeably. Microphthalmia may or may not result in significant vision loss.\n\nPeople with microphthalmia may also have a condition called coloboma. Colobomas are missing pieces of tissue in structures that form the eye. They may appear as notches or gaps in the colored part of the eye called the iris; the retina, which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye; the blood vessel layer under the retina called the choroid; or in the optic nerves, which carry information from the eyes to the brain. Colobomas may be present in one or both eyes and, depending on their size and location, can affect a person's vision.\n\nPeople with microphthalmia may also have other eye abnormalities, including clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract) and a narrowed opening of the eye (narrowed palpebral fissure). Additionally, affected individuals may have an abnormality called microcornea, in which the clear front covering of the eye (cornea) is small and abnormally curved.\n\nBetween one-third and one-half of affected individuals have microphthalmia as part of a syndrome that affects other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. When microphthalmia occurs by itself, it is described as nonsyndromic or isolated.

A congenital abnormality of the cornea in which the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye are smaller than normal. The horizontal diameter of the cornea does not reach 10 mm even in adulthood.

An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.