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Cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic bladder

MedGen UID:
2916
•Concept ID:
C0007459
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cauda Equina Syndrome with Neurogenic Bladder; cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic bladder; Cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic urinary bladder
SNOMED CT: Cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic bladder (12454008); Cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic urinary bladder (12454008)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0020767

Definition

A rare neurologic disorder caused by impingement of the nerve roots of the cauda equina secondary to disc herniation, spinal stenosis, vertebral fracture, neoplasm or infection. Clinical signs may include bladder or bowel dysfunction, paresthesia and weakness of the lower extremities. The development of neurogenic bladder implies that surgical decompression was either ineffective, delayed or not attempted. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCauda equina syndrome with neurogenic bladder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evaluation and management of cauda equina syndrome in the emergency department.
Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Jan;38(1):143-148. Epub 2019 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158402. PMID: 31471075
Influence of type of management of transverse sacral fractures on neurological outcome. A case series and review of literature.
Dussa CU, Soni BM
Spinal Cord 2008 Sep;46(9):590-4. Epub 2008 Jun 10 doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.59. PMID: 18542092

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cauda equina syndrome: false-positive diagnosis of neurogenic bladder can be reduced by multichannel urodynamic study.
Kalidindi KKV, Chhabra HS, Suman D, Mannem A, Bhat MR
Eur Spine J 2020 Jun;29(6):1236-1247. Epub 2020 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-06277-7. PMID: 31907657
An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome.
Hazelwood JE, Hoeritzauer I, Pronin S, Demetriades AK
Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Sep;161(9):1887-1894. Epub 2019 Jul 1 doi: 10.1007/s00701-019-03973-7. PMID: 31263950Free PMC Article
Does early surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome improve bladder outcome?
Srikandarajah N, Boissaud-Cooke MA, Clark S, Wilby MJ
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 Apr 15;40(8):580-3. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000813. PMID: 25646751
Detrusor overactivity in patients with cauda equina syndrome.
Kim SY, Kwon HC, Hyun JK
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 Jul 15;39(16):E955-61. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000410. PMID: 24831504
Cauda equina syndrome with normal MR imaging.
Rooney A, Statham PF, Stone J
J Neurol 2009 May;256(5):721-5. Epub 2009 Feb 25 doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-5003-z. PMID: 19240964

Diagnosis

'Scan-negative' cauda equina syndrome: what to do when there is no neurosurgical cause.
Hoeritzauer I, Stanton B, Carson A, Stone J
Pract Neurol 2022 Feb;22(1):6-13. Epub 2021 Aug 13 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002830. PMID: 34389643
Cauda equina syndrome: false-positive diagnosis of neurogenic bladder can be reduced by multichannel urodynamic study.
Kalidindi KKV, Chhabra HS, Suman D, Mannem A, Bhat MR
Eur Spine J 2020 Jun;29(6):1236-1247. Epub 2020 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-06277-7. PMID: 31907657
Evaluation and management of cauda equina syndrome in the emergency department.
Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Jan;38(1):143-148. Epub 2019 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158402. PMID: 31471075
Lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with peripheral nervous system lesions.
Podnar S, Vodušek DB
Handb Clin Neurol 2015;130:203-24. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63247-0.00012-2. PMID: 26003246
Neurogenic bladder and disc disease: a brief review.
Siracusa G, Sparacino A, Lentini VL
Curr Med Res Opin 2013 Aug;29(8):1025-31. Epub 2013 Jun 7 doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.807788. PMID: 23701600

Therapy

Cauda equina syndrome without motor dysfunction following lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: A case report.
Yuan T, Zhang J, Yang L, Wu J, Tian H, Wan T, Xu D, Liu Q
Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jul;98(29):e16396. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016396. PMID: 31335689Free PMC Article
Does early surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome improve bladder outcome?
Srikandarajah N, Boissaud-Cooke MA, Clark S, Wilby MJ
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 Apr 15;40(8):580-3. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000813. PMID: 25646751
Cauda equina syndrome after cesarean section.
Sarifakioglu AB, Yemisci OU, Yalbuzdag SA, Ciftkaya PO, Cosar NS
Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2013 Feb;92(2):179-82. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31826edb03. PMID: 23044703
Surgical treatment and outcomes of lumbar radiculopathy.
Bruggeman AJ, Decker RC
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2011 Feb;22(1):161-77. Epub 2010 Dec 14 doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2010.10.002. PMID: 21292152
Minimal tethered cord syndrome: what's necessary to justify a new surgical indication?
Selden NR
Neurosurg Focus 2007;23(2):E1. doi: 10.3171/FOC-07/08/E1. PMID: 17961010

Prognosis

Evaluation and management of cauda equina syndrome in the emergency department.
Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Jan;38(1):143-148. Epub 2019 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158402. PMID: 31471075
An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome.
Hazelwood JE, Hoeritzauer I, Pronin S, Demetriades AK
Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Sep;161(9):1887-1894. Epub 2019 Jul 1 doi: 10.1007/s00701-019-03973-7. PMID: 31263950Free PMC Article
Does early surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome improve bladder outcome?
Srikandarajah N, Boissaud-Cooke MA, Clark S, Wilby MJ
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 Apr 15;40(8):580-3. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000813. PMID: 25646751
Detrusor overactivity in patients with cauda equina syndrome.
Kim SY, Kwon HC, Hyun JK
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 Jul 15;39(16):E955-61. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000410. PMID: 24831504
Occult filum terminale syndrome.
Nazar GB, Casale AJ, Roberts JG, Linden RD
Pediatr Neurosurg 1995;23(5):228-35. doi: 10.1159/000120965. PMID: 8688347

Clinical prediction guides

Cauda equina syndrome with beta thalassemia: a case report.
Almoallem A, Alhamad S, Bin Dajim N, Harfouch EB, Bashir S
Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2024 Sep 27;10(1):68. doi: 10.1038/s41394-024-00681-y. PMID: 39333066Free PMC Article
An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome.
Hazelwood JE, Hoeritzauer I, Pronin S, Demetriades AK
Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Sep;161(9):1887-1894. Epub 2019 Jul 1 doi: 10.1007/s00701-019-03973-7. PMID: 31263950Free PMC Article
Does early surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome improve bladder outcome?
Srikandarajah N, Boissaud-Cooke MA, Clark S, Wilby MJ
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 Apr 15;40(8):580-3. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000813. PMID: 25646751
Detrusor overactivity in patients with cauda equina syndrome.
Kim SY, Kwon HC, Hyun JK
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 Jul 15;39(16):E955-61. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000410. PMID: 24831504
Neurogenic bladder and disc disease: a brief review.
Siracusa G, Sparacino A, Lentini VL
Curr Med Res Opin 2013 Aug;29(8):1025-31. Epub 2013 Jun 7 doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.807788. PMID: 23701600

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