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Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor

MedGen UID:
277813
•Concept ID:
C1336718
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm of Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm of the Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Tumor of Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Neoplasm of Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Neoplasm of the Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor of Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis; Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm; Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Neoplasm

Definition

A malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It is characterized by a mixture of embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac morphologic elements. Patients may present with painless or painful testicular swelling. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTesticular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Role of HNF1β in the differential diagnosis of yolk sac tumor from other germ cell tumors.
Rougemont AL, Tille JC
Hum Pathol 2018 Nov;81:26-36. Epub 2018 May 16 doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.025. PMID: 29753846
Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues.
Ulbright TM
Mod Pathol 2005 Feb;18 Suppl 2:S61-79. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800310. PMID: 15761467
The treatment of cranial germ cell tumours.
Brandes AA, Pasetto LM, Monfardini S
Cancer Treat Rev 2000 Aug;26(4):233-42. doi: 10.1053/ctrv.2000.0169. PMID: 10913379

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Malignant testicular tumors in children: overview on 10 years of Saudi Cancer Registry.
Alkhayal AM, Aljarallah MF, Alqirnas MQ, Aldusari RS, Alyami F, Jamalalail Y, Hadhoud H, Alrabeeah K, Alsaikhan BH, Ghazwani Y, Noureldin YA
Int Urol Nephrol 2023 Nov;55(11):2677-2683. Epub 2023 Jul 21 doi: 10.1007/s11255-023-03701-2. PMID: 37477777
Cytological spectrum of testicular malignancies with histopathological correlation: A retrospective analysis.
Kerkar A, Kundu R, Kaur A, Rohilla M, Gupta P, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Kakkar N, Dey P
Diagn Cytopathol 2023 Oct;51(10):646-653. Epub 2023 Jul 14 doi: 10.1002/dc.25194. PMID: 37452481
Metastatic germ cell tumour in effusion cytology.
Saini T, Kundu R, Rastogi P, Rohilla M, Gupta P, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Dey P
Cytopathology 2022 Jul;33(4):493-498. Epub 2022 Apr 9 doi: 10.1111/cyt.13122. PMID: 35347771
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the testis: a brief review.
Al-Hussain T, Bakshi N, Akhtar M
Adv Anat Pathol 2015 May;22(3):202-12. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000066. PMID: 25844678
Germ cell neoplasms of the testis.
Ulbright TM
Am J Surg Pathol 1993 Nov;17(11):1075-91. doi: 10.1097/00000478-199311000-00001. PMID: 8214253

Diagnosis

Cytological spectrum of testicular malignancies with histopathological correlation: A retrospective analysis.
Kerkar A, Kundu R, Kaur A, Rohilla M, Gupta P, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Kakkar N, Dey P
Diagn Cytopathol 2023 Oct;51(10):646-653. Epub 2023 Jul 14 doi: 10.1002/dc.25194. PMID: 37452481
Diagnostically misleading aberrant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in germ cell tumors.
Pęksa R, Kunc M, Bieńkowski M, Popęda M, Biernat W
Pol J Pathol 2022;73(2):159-165. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2022.120098. PMID: 36345953
Metastatic germ cell tumour in effusion cytology.
Saini T, Kundu R, Rastogi P, Rohilla M, Gupta P, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Dey P
Cytopathology 2022 Jul;33(4):493-498. Epub 2022 Apr 9 doi: 10.1111/cyt.13122. PMID: 35347771
ZBTB16: a novel sensitive and specific biomarker for yolk sac tumor.
Xiao GQ, Li F, Unger PD, Katerji H, Yang Q, McMahon L, Burstein DE
Mod Pathol 2016 Jun;29(6):591-8. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.46. PMID: 26916077
Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum.
Weidner N
Semin Diagn Pathol 1999 Feb;16(1):42-50. PMID: 10355653

Therapy

A giant testicular mixed germ cell tumour.
Reekhaye A, Harris A, Nagarajan S, Chadwick D
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016 Nov;98(8):e171-e172. Epub 2016 Aug 4 doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0219. PMID: 27490988Free PMC Article
Testicular mixed germ cell tumor with polyembryoma component in brothers.
Bakaris S, Resim S, Tunali N
Pediatr Dev Pathol 2005 Jan-Feb;8(1):92-7. Epub 2004 Dec 6 doi: 10.1007/s10024-004-2123-4. PMID: 15803215
Prognostic value of tumor size, metastases, extension into bone, and increased tumor marker in children with malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors: a prospective evaluation of 71 patients treated in the German cooperative protocols Maligne Keimzelltumoren (MAKEI) 83/86 and MAKEI 89.
Calaminus G, Schneider DT, Bökkerink JP, Gadner H, Harms D, Willers R, Göbel U
J Clin Oncol 2003 Mar 1;21(5):781-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.03.125. PMID: 12610174
Clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis in childhood and adolescence: an analysis of 31 cases.
Terenziani M, Piva L, Spreafico F, Salvioni R, Massimino M, Luksch R, Cefalo G, Casanova M, Ferrari A, Polastri D, Mazza E, Bellani FF, Nicolai N
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002 Aug-Sep;24(6):454-8. doi: 10.1097/00043426-200208000-00009. PMID: 12218592
Histologically pure seminoma with elevated alpha-fetoprotein: a clinicopathologic study of ten cases.
Nazeer T, Ro JY, Amato RJ, Park YW, Ordonez NG, Ayala AG
Oncol Rep 1998 Nov-Dec;5(6):1425-9. doi: 10.3892/or.5.6.1425. PMID: 9769381

Prognosis

Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis.
Wu P, Yang Y, Yu Z, Zhao L, Feng S
J Surg Res 2023 Aug;288:362-371. Epub 2023 Apr 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.018. PMID: 37062232
Unresectable Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumor With Low-grade Neuroglial Neoplasm, Stable After Radiation and Chemotherapy.
Tabibi S, Kamanda S, Llosa N, Pratilas CA, Duncan BB, Esteves RS, Matoso A
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023 Jan 1;31(1):47-50. Epub 2022 Oct 26 doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000001081. PMID: 36476600Free PMC Article
Age-incidence patterns of seminoma and nonseminoma among males and females in Germany and the United States, 2008-2016.
Stang A, Trocchi P, Kajüter H, Trabert B, Oosterhuis JW, McGlynn KA
Andrology 2023 Jan;11(1):65-72. Epub 2022 Sep 12 doi: 10.1111/andr.13282. PMID: 36059277
ZBTB16: a novel sensitive and specific biomarker for yolk sac tumor.
Xiao GQ, Li F, Unger PD, Katerji H, Yang Q, McMahon L, Burstein DE
Mod Pathol 2016 Jun;29(6):591-8. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.46. PMID: 26916077
Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum.
Weidner N
Semin Diagn Pathol 1999 Feb;16(1):42-50. PMID: 10355653

Clinical prediction guides

Diagnostically misleading aberrant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in germ cell tumors.
Pęksa R, Kunc M, Bieńkowski M, Popęda M, Biernat W
Pol J Pathol 2022;73(2):159-165. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2022.120098. PMID: 36345953
Role of HNF1β in the differential diagnosis of yolk sac tumor from other germ cell tumors.
Rougemont AL, Tille JC
Hum Pathol 2018 Nov;81:26-36. Epub 2018 May 16 doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.025. PMID: 29753846
ZBTB16: a novel sensitive and specific biomarker for yolk sac tumor.
Xiao GQ, Li F, Unger PD, Katerji H, Yang Q, McMahon L, Burstein DE
Mod Pathol 2016 Jun;29(6):591-8. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.46. PMID: 26916077
An overview of testicular germ cell tumors.
Bahrami A, Ro JY, Ayala AG
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007 Aug;131(8):1267-80. doi: 10.5858/2007-131-1267-AOOTGC. PMID: 17683189
From the archives of the AFIP: tumors and tumorlike lesions of the testis: radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Woodward PJ, Sohaey R, O'Donoghue MJ, Green DE
Radiographics 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):189-216. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.22.1.g02ja14189. PMID: 11796908

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