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Grade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

MedGen UID:
272680
•Concept ID:
C1333860
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Grade II Colorectal Adenocarcinoma; Low Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma; Moderately Differentiated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Definition

A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGrade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Rationale of Treatment for Peritoneal Metastasis.
Yonemura Y, Ishibashi H, Mizumoto A, Fujita T, Liu Y, Wakama S, Sako S, Takao N, Kitai T, Katayama K, Kamada Y, Taniguchi K, Fujimoto D
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2022 Dec;49(13):1723-1726. PMID: 36732979
Serrated Lesions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation.
Brcic I, Dawson H, Gröchenig HP, Högenauer C, Kashofer K
Int J Surg Pathol 2021 Feb;29(1):46-53. Epub 2020 Oct 8 doi: 10.1177/1066896920963798. PMID: 33030071
Advanced Mucinous Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Prognosis and Efficacy of Chemotherapeutic Treatment.
Ott C, Gerken M, Hirsch D, Fest P, Fichtner-Feigl S, Munker S, Schnoy E, Stroszczynski C, Vogelhuber M, Herr W, Evert M, Reng M, Schlitt HJ, Klinkhammer-Schalke M, Teufel A
Digestion 2018;98(3):143-152. Epub 2018 Jun 5 doi: 10.1159/000487710. PMID: 29870979

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Asprosin, irisin, and meteorin-like protein immunoreactivity in different stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Uzun M, Ilhan YS, Bozdag A, Yilmaz M, Artas G, Kuloglu T
Pathol Res Pract 2023 May;245:154432. Epub 2023 Mar 31 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154432. PMID: 37019019
Short-term outcomes of complete mesocolic excision versus D2 dissection in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy for right colon cancer (RELARC): a randomised, controlled, phase 3, superiority trial.
Xu L, Su X, He Z, Zhang C, Lu J, Zhang G, Sun Y, Du X, Chi P, Wang Z, Zhong M, Wu A, Zhu A, Li F, Xu J, Kang L, Suo J, Deng H, Ye Y, Ding K, Xu T, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Xiao Y; RELARC Study Group
Lancet Oncol 2021 Mar;22(3):391-401. Epub 2021 Feb 12 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30685-9. PMID: 33587893
Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy after surgery and preoperative chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer (CRITICS): an international, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.
Cats A, Jansen EPM, van Grieken NCT, Sikorska K, Lind P, Nordsmark M, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Boot H, Trip AK, Swellengrebel HAM, van Laarhoven HWM, Putter H, van Sandick JW, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hartgrink HH, van Tinteren H, van de Velde CJH, Verheij M; CRITICS investigators
Lancet Oncol 2018 May;19(5):616-628. Epub 2018 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30132-3. PMID: 29650363
Estrogen and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Lavasani S, Chlebowski RT, Prentice RL, Kato I, Wactawski-Wende J, Johnson KC, Young A, Rodabough R, Hubbell FA, Mahinbakht A, Simon MS
Cancer 2015 Sep 15;121(18):3261-71. Epub 2015 Jun 2 doi: 10.1002/cncr.29464. PMID: 26036212
Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer.
de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, Homerin M, Hmissi A, Cassidy J, Boni C, Cortes-Funes H, Cervantes A, Freyer G, Papamichael D, Le Bail N, Louvet C, Hendler D, de Braud F, Wilson C, Morvan F, Bonetti A
J Clin Oncol 2000 Aug;18(16):2938-47. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.16.2938. PMID: 10944126

Diagnosis

Multiplexed 3D atlas of state transitions and immune interaction in colorectal cancer.
Lin JR, Wang S, Coy S, Chen YA, Yapp C, Tyler M, Nariya MK, Heiser CN, Lau KS, Santagata S, Sorger PK
Cell 2023 Jan 19;186(2):363-381.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.028. PMID: 36669472Free PMC Article
Assessment of Textbook Outcome in Laparoscopic and Open Liver Surgery.
Görgec B, Benedetti Cacciaguerra A, Lanari J, Russolillo N, Cipriani F, Aghayan D, Zimmitti G, Efanov M, Alseidi A, Mocchegiani F, Giuliante F, Ruzzenente A, Rotellar F, Fuks D, D'Hondt M, Vivarelli M, Edwin B, Aldrighetti LA, Ferrero A, Cillo U, Besselink MG, Abu Hilal M
JAMA Surg 2021 Aug 1;156(8):e212064. Epub 2021 Aug 11 doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.2064. PMID: 34076671Free PMC Article
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) as a predictive marker for immunotherapy in solid tumours: a guide to immunohistochemistry implementation and interpretation.
Paver EC, Cooper WA, Colebatch AJ, Ferguson PM, Hill SK, Lum T, Shin JS, O'Toole S, Anderson L, Scolyer RA, Gupta R
Pathology 2021 Feb;53(2):141-156. Epub 2020 Dec 30 doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.007. PMID: 33388161
Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Nagtegaal ID, Beets-Tan RGH, Blomqvist LK, Fokstuen T, Ten Tije AJ, Capdevila J, Hendriks MP, Edhemovic I, Cervantes A, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP; RAPIDO collaborative investigators
Lancet Oncol 2021 Jan;22(1):29-42. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6. PMID: 33301740
Assessment of Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Floxuridine in Combination With Systemic Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Patients With Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.
Cercek A, Boerner T, Tan BR, Chou JF, Gönen M, Boucher TM, Hauser HF, Do RKG, Lowery MA, Harding JJ, Varghese AM, Reidy-Lagunes D, Saltz L, Schultz N, Kingham TP, D'Angelica MI, DeMatteo RP, Drebin JA, Allen PJ, Balachandran VP, Lim KH, Sanchez-Vega F, Vachharajani N, Majella Doyle MB, Fields RC, Hawkins WG, Strasberg SM, Chapman WC, Diaz LA Jr, Kemeny NE, Jarnagin WR
JAMA Oncol 2020 Jan 1;6(1):60-67. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3718. PMID: 31670750Free PMC Article

Therapy

Organ Preservation and Survival by Clinical Response Grade in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of the OPRA Randomized Clinical Trial.
Thompson HM, Omer DM, Lin S, Kim JK, Yuval JB, Verheij FS, Qin LX, Gollub MJ, Wu AJ, Lee M, Patil S, Hezel AF, Marcet JE, Cataldo PA, Polite BN, Herzig DO, Liska D, Oommen S, Friel CM, Ternent CA, Coveler AL, Hunt SR, Garcia-Aguilar J; OPRA Consortium
JAMA Netw Open 2024 Jan 2;7(1):e2350903. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50903. PMID: 38194231Free PMC Article
Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Nagtegaal ID, Beets-Tan RGH, Blomqvist LK, Fokstuen T, Ten Tije AJ, Capdevila J, Hendriks MP, Edhemovic I, Cervantes A, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP; RAPIDO collaborative investigators
Lancet Oncol 2021 Jan;22(1):29-42. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6. PMID: 33301740
Regorafenib dose-optimisation in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (ReDOS): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study.
Bekaii-Saab TS, Ou FS, Ahn DH, Boland PM, Ciombor KK, Heying EN, Dockter TJ, Jacobs NL, Pasche BC, Cleary JM, Meyers JP, Desnoyers RJ, McCune JS, Pedersen K, Barzi A, Chiorean EG, Sloan J, Lacouture ME, Lenz HJ, Grothey A
Lancet Oncol 2019 Aug;20(8):1070-1082. Epub 2019 Jun 28 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30272-4. PMID: 31262657Free PMC Article
Modified XELIRI (capecitabine plus irinotecan) versus FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan), both either with or without bevacizumab, as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (AXEPT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial.
Xu RH, Muro K, Morita S, Iwasa S, Han SW, Wang W, Kotaka M, Nakamura M, Ahn JB, Deng YH, Kato T, Cho SH, Ba Y, Matsuoka H, Lee KW, Zhang T, Yamada Y, Sakamoto J, Park YS, Kim TW
Lancet Oncol 2018 May;19(5):660-671. Epub 2018 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30140-2. PMID: 29555258
Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer.
de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, Homerin M, Hmissi A, Cassidy J, Boni C, Cortes-Funes H, Cervantes A, Freyer G, Papamichael D, Le Bail N, Louvet C, Hendler D, de Braud F, Wilson C, Morvan F, Bonetti A
J Clin Oncol 2000 Aug;18(16):2938-47. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.16.2938. PMID: 10944126

Prognosis

Immunophenotypic profiles and prognosis for colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas are dependent on anatomic location.
Patel C, Behring M, Al Diffalha S, Dhall D, Lee G, Shanmugam C, Grizzle WE, Manne U
Cancer Med 2023 Apr;12(8):9637-9643. Epub 2023 Mar 14 doi: 10.1002/cam4.5803. PMID: 36916704Free PMC Article
Short-term outcomes of complete mesocolic excision versus D2 dissection in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy for right colon cancer (RELARC): a randomised, controlled, phase 3, superiority trial.
Xu L, Su X, He Z, Zhang C, Lu J, Zhang G, Sun Y, Du X, Chi P, Wang Z, Zhong M, Wu A, Zhu A, Li F, Xu J, Kang L, Suo J, Deng H, Ye Y, Ding K, Xu T, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Xiao Y; RELARC Study Group
Lancet Oncol 2021 Mar;22(3):391-401. Epub 2021 Feb 12 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30685-9. PMID: 33587893
Mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Perren TJ
Ann Oncol 2016 Apr;27 Suppl 1:i53-i57. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw087. PMID: 27141073
Estrogen and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Lavasani S, Chlebowski RT, Prentice RL, Kato I, Wactawski-Wende J, Johnson KC, Young A, Rodabough R, Hubbell FA, Mahinbakht A, Simon MS
Cancer 2015 Sep 15;121(18):3261-71. Epub 2015 Jun 2 doi: 10.1002/cncr.29464. PMID: 26036212
Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C Study.
Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Mitchell E, Wierzbicki R, Ganju V, Jeffery M, Schulz J, Richards D, Soufi-Mahjoubi R, Wang B, Barrueco J
J Clin Oncol 2007 Oct 20;25(30):4779-86. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.3357. PMID: 17947725

Clinical prediction guides

Conjoint analysis of clinical, imaging, and pathological features of schistosomiasis and colorectal cancer.
Zhang F, Wang X, Zhu Y, Xia P
Pathol Oncol Res 2023;29:1611396. Epub 2023 Nov 30 doi: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611396. PMID: 38099242Free PMC Article
Cervical Adenocarcinoma: A Still Under-investigated Malignancy.
Pistolesi S, Fanelli GN, Giudice F, Garbini F, Naccarato AG, Cosio S, Caretto M, Gadducci A
Anticancer Res 2023 Jan;43(1):53-58. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.16133. PMID: 36585201
Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Nagtegaal ID, Beets-Tan RGH, Blomqvist LK, Fokstuen T, Ten Tije AJ, Capdevila J, Hendriks MP, Edhemovic I, Cervantes A, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP; RAPIDO collaborative investigators
Lancet Oncol 2021 Jan;22(1):29-42. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6. PMID: 33301740
Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy after surgery and preoperative chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer (CRITICS): an international, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.
Cats A, Jansen EPM, van Grieken NCT, Sikorska K, Lind P, Nordsmark M, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Boot H, Trip AK, Swellengrebel HAM, van Laarhoven HWM, Putter H, van Sandick JW, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hartgrink HH, van Tinteren H, van de Velde CJH, Verheij M; CRITICS investigators
Lancet Oncol 2018 May;19(5):616-628. Epub 2018 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30132-3. PMID: 29650363
Estrogen and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Lavasani S, Chlebowski RT, Prentice RL, Kato I, Wactawski-Wende J, Johnson KC, Young A, Rodabough R, Hubbell FA, Mahinbakht A, Simon MS
Cancer 2015 Sep 15;121(18):3261-71. Epub 2015 Jun 2 doi: 10.1002/cncr.29464. PMID: 26036212

Recent systematic reviews

Efficacy and Safety of Metronomic Capecitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Gupta N, Verma N, Patel B
J Gastrointest Cancer 2024 Dec;55(4):1485-1497. Epub 2024 Aug 20 doi: 10.1007/s12029-024-01103-w. PMID: 39160369
Colorectal cancer risk of flat low-grade dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis.
Lauricella S, Fabris S, Sylla P
Surg Endosc 2023 Jan;37(1):48-61. Epub 2022 Aug 3 doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09462-w. PMID: 35920906
Pulmonary metastasectomy with lymphadenectomy for colorectal pulmonary metastases: A systematic review.
van Dorp M, Bousema JE, Torensma B, Dickhoff C, van den Broek FJC, Schreurs WH, Gonzalez M, Kazemier G, Heineman DJ
Eur J Surg Oncol 2022 Jan;48(1):253-260. Epub 2021 Oct 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.09.020. PMID: 34656390
Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus in Extrapancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Comprehensive Review of Literature.
Faggiano A, Malandrino P, Modica R, Agrimi D, Aversano M, Bassi V, Giordano EA, Guarnotta V, Logoluso FA, Messina E, Nicastro V, Nuzzo V, Sciaraffia M, Colao A
Oncologist 2016 Jul;21(7):875-86. Epub 2016 Apr 6 doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0420. PMID: 27053503Free PMC Article
Systematic review and meta-analysis of published trials comparing the effectiveness of transanal endoscopic microsurgery and radical resection in the management of early rectal cancer.
Sajid MS, Farag S, Leung P, Sains P, Miles WF, Baig MK
Colorectal Dis 2014 Jan;16(1):2-14. doi: 10.1111/codi.12474. PMID: 24330432

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