U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Bile reflux

MedGen UID:
2243
•Concept ID:
C0005403
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Bile Reflux; Reflux, Bile
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006677

Definition

Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (duodenogastric reflux); to the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux); or to the pancreas. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBile reflux

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Costs of Cancer Prevention: Physical and Psychosocial Sequelae of Risk-Reducing Total Gastrectomy.
Gallanis AF, Gamble LA, Samaranayake SG, Lopez R, Rhodes A, Rajasimhan S, Fasaye GA, Juma O, Connolly M, Joyce S, Berger A, Heller T, Blakely AM, Hernandez JM, Davis JL
J Clin Oncol 2024 Feb 1;42(4):421-430. Epub 2023 Oct 30 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01238. PMID: 37903316Free PMC Article
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the obese: Pathophysiology and treatment.
Nadaleto BF, Herbella FA, Patti MG
Surgery 2016 Feb;159(2):475-86. Epub 2015 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.034. PMID: 26054318
Management of gastric cancer.
Mackay S, Hayes T, Yeo A
Aust Fam Physician 2006 Apr;35(4):208-11. PMID: 16642236

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Bile reflux after bariatric surgery.
Dolores Frutos Bernal M
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) 2023 Oct;101 Suppl 4:S63-S68. Epub 2023 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2023.02.014. PMID: 37979939
Endoscopic features and clinical importance of autoimmune gastritis.
Kamada T, Maruyama Y, Monobe Y, Haruma K
Dig Endosc 2022 May;34(4):700-713. Epub 2021 Nov 10 doi: 10.1111/den.14175. PMID: 34674318
Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer (Review).
Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, Judson BL
Oncol Rep 2021 Nov;46(5) Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.3892/or.2021.8195. PMID: 34558652Free PMC Article
Ca(2+) signalling underlying pancreatitis.
Gerasimenko JV, Peng S, Tsugorka T, Gerasimenko OV
Cell Calcium 2018 Mar;70:95-101. Epub 2017 May 18 doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.010. PMID: 28552244
Postgastrectomy Syndromes and Nutritional Considerations Following Gastric Surgery.
Davis JL, Ripley RT
Surg Clin North Am 2017 Apr;97(2):277-293. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2016.11.005. PMID: 28325187

Diagnosis

A systematic review and meta-analysis on GERD after OAGB: rate, treatments, and success.
Davarpanah Jazi AH, Shahabi S, Sheikhbahaei E, Tolone S, Skalli ME, Kabir A, Valizadeh R, Kermansaravi M
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Dec;17(12):1321-1332. Epub 2024 Jan 17 doi: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2296992. PMID: 38148703
Bile reflux after bariatric surgery.
Dolores Frutos Bernal M
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) 2023 Oct;101 Suppl 4:S63-S68. Epub 2023 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2023.02.014. PMID: 37979939
Endoscopic features and clinical importance of autoimmune gastritis.
Kamada T, Maruyama Y, Monobe Y, Haruma K
Dig Endosc 2022 May;34(4):700-713. Epub 2021 Nov 10 doi: 10.1111/den.14175. PMID: 34674318
Detecting Bile Reflux-the Enigma of Bariatric Surgery.
Eldredge TA, Myers JC, Kiroff GK, Shenfine J
Obes Surg 2018 Feb;28(2):559-566. doi: 10.1007/s11695-017-3026-6. PMID: 29230622
Duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux.
Vaezi MF, Richter JE
Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2000 Oct;14(5):719-29. doi: 10.1053/bega.2000.0120. PMID: 11003805

Therapy

Prebiotic proanthocyanidins inhibit bile reflux-induced esophageal adenocarcinoma through reshaping the gut microbiome and esophageal metabolome.
Weh KM, Howard CL, Zhang Y, Tripp BA, Clarke JL, Howell AB, Rubenstein JH, Abrams JA, Westerhoff M, Kresty LA
JCI Insight 2024 Feb 8;9(6) doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.168112. PMID: 38329812Free PMC Article
Costs of Cancer Prevention: Physical and Psychosocial Sequelae of Risk-Reducing Total Gastrectomy.
Gallanis AF, Gamble LA, Samaranayake SG, Lopez R, Rhodes A, Rajasimhan S, Fasaye GA, Juma O, Connolly M, Joyce S, Berger A, Heller T, Blakely AM, Hernandez JM, Davis JL
J Clin Oncol 2024 Feb 1;42(4):421-430. Epub 2023 Oct 30 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01238. PMID: 37903316Free PMC Article
Bile reflux after bariatric surgery.
Dolores Frutos Bernal M
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) 2023 Oct;101 Suppl 4:S63-S68. Epub 2023 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2023.02.014. PMID: 37979939
Detecting Bile Reflux-the Enigma of Bariatric Surgery.
Eldredge TA, Myers JC, Kiroff GK, Shenfine J
Obes Surg 2018 Feb;28(2):559-566. doi: 10.1007/s11695-017-3026-6. PMID: 29230622
Duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux.
Vaezi MF, Richter JE
Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2000 Oct;14(5):719-29. doi: 10.1053/bega.2000.0120. PMID: 11003805

Prognosis

Tight junction proteins and biliary diseases.
Merlen G, Tordjmann T
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024 Mar 1;40(2):70-76. Epub 2024 Jan 19 doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000996. PMID: 38260939
Association between endoscopic evidence of bile reflux and Barrett's esophagus: A large-scale case-control study.
Iwaya Y, Goda K, Kako S, Hattori H, Miyazawa T, Hara D, Hashigami K, Hirayama A, Okamura T, Nagaya T, Umemura T
Dig Liver Dis 2024 Apr;56(4):622-627. Epub 2023 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.042. PMID: 38105146
Once in a Bile - the Incidence of Bile Reflux Post-Bariatric Surgery.
Eldredge TA, Bills M, Ting YY, Dimitri M, Watson MM, Harris MC, Myers JC, Bartholomeusz DL, Kiroff GK, Shenfine J
Obes Surg 2022 May;32(5):1428-1438. Epub 2022 Feb 28 doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-05977-2. PMID: 35226339Free PMC Article
Bile Reflux Scintigraphy After Mini-Gastric Bypass.
Saarinen T, Räsänen J, Salo J, Loimaala A, Pitkonen M, Leivonen M, Juuti A
Obes Surg 2017 Aug;27(8):2083-2089. doi: 10.1007/s11695-017-2608-7. PMID: 28214959
Duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux.
Vaezi MF, Richter JE
Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2000 Oct;14(5):719-29. doi: 10.1053/bega.2000.0120. PMID: 11003805

Clinical prediction guides

Costs of Cancer Prevention: Physical and Psychosocial Sequelae of Risk-Reducing Total Gastrectomy.
Gallanis AF, Gamble LA, Samaranayake SG, Lopez R, Rhodes A, Rajasimhan S, Fasaye GA, Juma O, Connolly M, Joyce S, Berger A, Heller T, Blakely AM, Hernandez JM, Davis JL
J Clin Oncol 2024 Feb 1;42(4):421-430. Epub 2023 Oct 30 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01238. PMID: 37903316Free PMC Article
Helicobacter pylori infection altered gastric microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
Hua Z, Xu L, Zhu J, Xiao L, Lu B, Wu J, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Zhang J
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1221433. Epub 2023 Aug 17 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1221433. PMID: 37662018Free PMC Article
Negative correlations between bile reflux gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection.
Zhuo XH, Sun JC, Zhong WJ, Lu Y
Scand J Gastroenterol 2022 Dec;57(12):1430-1434. Epub 2022 Jul 15 doi: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2094721. PMID: 35840539
Bile Acid-Microbiome Interaction Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis.
Wang S, Kuang J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zheng X, Wang J, Huang F, Ge K, Li M, Zhao M, Rajani C, Zhu J, Zhao A, Jia W
Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022 May;9(16):e2200263. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1002/advs.202200263. PMID: 35285172Free PMC Article
Non-Acid Fluid Exposure and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Soroush A, Etemadi A, Abrams JA
Dig Dis Sci 2022 Jul;67(7):2754-2762. Epub 2021 Jul 8 doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-07127-7. PMID: 34236559

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review and meta-analysis on GERD after OAGB: rate, treatments, and success.
Davarpanah Jazi AH, Shahabi S, Sheikhbahaei E, Tolone S, Skalli ME, Kabir A, Valizadeh R, Kermansaravi M
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Dec;17(12):1321-1332. Epub 2024 Jan 17 doi: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2296992. PMID: 38148703
Surgical Management of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease After One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass - a Systematic Review.
Lee RXN, Rizkallah N, Chiappetta S, Stier C, Pouwels S, Sakran N, Singhal R, Mahawar K, Madhok B
Obes Surg 2022 Dec;32(12):4057-4065. Epub 2022 Oct 18 doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06301-8. PMID: 36255646
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease as an Indication of Revisional Bariatric Surgery-Indication and Results-a Systematic Review and Metanalysis.
Chiappetta S, Lainas P, Kassir R, Valizadeh R, Bosco A, Kermansaravi M
Obes Surg 2022 Sep;32(9):3156-3171. Epub 2022 Jul 1 doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06183-w. PMID: 35776239
Traditional Chinese patent medicine for bile reflux gastritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
He M, Wang Q, Liu L, Bai G
Ann Palliat Med 2021 Jul;10(7):7721-7735. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-1307. PMID: 34353060
Should we continue to drain the pylorus in patients undergoing an esophagectomy?
Gaur P, Swanson SJ
Dis Esophagus 2014 Aug;27(6):568-73. Epub 2013 Feb 26 doi: 10.1111/dote.12035. PMID: 23442059

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...