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Residual schizophrenia

MedGen UID:
20665
•Concept ID:
C0036351
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Residual Type Schizophrenia; Restzustand
SNOMED CT: Restzustand (26025008); Residual schizophrenia (26025008)

Definition

A subtype of schizophrenia in which the individual has suffered an episode of schizophrenia but there are no longer any delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Residual symptoms are seen in the form of negative symptoms (such as flat affect or avolition) or attenuated positive symptoms (such as odd beliefs). [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Executive function assessment of patients with schizophrenic disorder residual type in olanzapine treatment: an open study.
Stratta P, Donda P, Rossi A, Rossi A
Hum Psychopharmacol 2005 Aug;20(6):401-8. doi: 10.1002/hup.703. PMID: 15991259
Low-dose zotepine in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.
Fleischhacker WW, Stuppäck C, Barnas C, Unterweger B, Hinterhuber H
Pharmacopsychiatry 1987 Feb;20(1 Spec No):61-3. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1017132. PMID: 2883685
The risks of long-term neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenia: especially depression and akinesia.
Rifkin A
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1981;291:129-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb02465.x. PMID: 6113730

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The validity of a therapeutic invigoration task in avolitional schizophrenia outpatients.
Dlagnekova A, Van Staden W
J Clin Psychol 2024 Jan;80(1):7-22. Epub 2023 Jun 27 doi: 10.1002/jclp.23562. PMID: 37367206
Main characteristics of dermatoglypics associated with schizophrenia and its clinical subtypes.
Norovsambuu O, Tsend-Ayush A, Lkhagvasuren N, Jav S
PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0252831. Epub 2021 Jun 10 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252831. PMID: 34111156Free PMC Article
Glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7T MRS study.
Kumar J, Liddle EB, Fernandes CC, Palaniyappan L, Hall EL, Robson SE, Simmonite M, Fiesal J, Katshu MZ, Qureshi A, Skelton M, Christodoulou NG, Brookes MJ, Morris PG, Liddle PF
Mol Psychiatry 2020 Apr;25(4):873-882. Epub 2018 Jun 22 doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0104-7. PMID: 29934548Free PMC Article
Ribosomal DNA transcription in the dorsal raphe nucleus is increased in residual but not in paranoid schizophrenia.
Krzyżanowska M, Steiner J, Brisch R, Mawrin C, Busse S, Braun K, Jankowski Z, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Gos T
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015 Mar;265(2):117-26. Epub 2014 Aug 5 doi: 10.1007/s00406-014-0518-4. PMID: 25091423Free PMC Article
Clozapine maintenance therapy in schizophrenia.
Gaszner P, Makkos Z
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004 May;28(3):465-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.011. PMID: 15093952

Diagnosis

Main characteristics of dermatoglypics associated with schizophrenia and its clinical subtypes.
Norovsambuu O, Tsend-Ayush A, Lkhagvasuren N, Jav S
PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0252831. Epub 2021 Jun 10 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252831. PMID: 34111156Free PMC Article
Ribosomal DNA transcription in the dorsal raphe nucleus is increased in residual but not in paranoid schizophrenia.
Krzyżanowska M, Steiner J, Brisch R, Mawrin C, Busse S, Braun K, Jankowski Z, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Gos T
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015 Mar;265(2):117-26. Epub 2014 Aug 5 doi: 10.1007/s00406-014-0518-4. PMID: 25091423Free PMC Article
The tissue distribution of fluoride in a fatal case of self-poisoning.
Martínez MA, Ballesteros S, Piga FJ, Sánchez de la Torre C, Cubero CA
J Anal Toxicol 2007 Oct;31(8):526-33. doi: 10.1093/jat/31.8.526. PMID: 17988468
Clozapine maintenance therapy in schizophrenia.
Gaszner P, Makkos Z
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004 May;28(3):465-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.011. PMID: 15093952
Classical subtypes for schizophrenia: literature review for DSM-IV.
McGlashan TH, Fenton WS
Schizophr Bull 1991;17(4):609-32. doi: 10.1093/schbul/17.4.609. PMID: 1822677

Therapy

The validity of a therapeutic invigoration task in avolitional schizophrenia outpatients.
Dlagnekova A, Van Staden W
J Clin Psychol 2024 Jan;80(1):7-22. Epub 2023 Jun 27 doi: 10.1002/jclp.23562. PMID: 37367206
GABAergic system impairment in the hippocampus and superior temporal gyrus of patients with paranoid schizophrenia: A post-mortem study.
Steiner J, Brisch R, Schiltz K, Dobrowolny H, Mawrin C, Krzyżanowska M, Bernstein HG, Jankowski Z, Braun K, Schmitt A, Bogerts B, Gos T
Schizophr Res 2016 Nov;177(1-3):10-17. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.018. PMID: 26922657
The tissue distribution of fluoride in a fatal case of self-poisoning.
Martínez MA, Ballesteros S, Piga FJ, Sánchez de la Torre C, Cubero CA
J Anal Toxicol 2007 Oct;31(8):526-33. doi: 10.1093/jat/31.8.526. PMID: 17988468
Clozapine maintenance therapy in schizophrenia.
Gaszner P, Makkos Z
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004 May;28(3):465-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.011. PMID: 15093952
Rehabilitative effect of music therapy for residual schizophrenia. A one-month randomised controlled trial in Shanghai.
Tang W, Yao X, Zheng Z
Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1994 Aug;(24):38-44. PMID: 7946230

Prognosis

Different distribution patterns of lymphocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of patients with residual versus paranoid schizophrenia: further evidence for disease course-related immune alterations?
Busse S, Busse M, Schiltz K, Bielau H, Gos T, Brisch R, Mawrin C, Schmitt A, Jordan W, Müller UJ, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Steiner J
Brain Behav Immun 2012 Nov;26(8):1273-9. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.005. PMID: 22917959
Intermanual coordination in relation to different clinical subgroups in right-handed patients with schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders.
Gorynia I, Campman V, Uebelhack R
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003 Feb;253(1):53-9. doi: 10.1007/s00406-003-0409-6. PMID: 12664316
Rehabilitative effect of music therapy for residual schizophrenia. A one-month randomised controlled trial in Shanghai.
Tang W, Yao X, Zheng Z
Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1994 Aug;(24):38-44. PMID: 7946230
Assessment of contributions to disability in people with schizophrenia during rehabilitation.
O'Connor R, Herrman H
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1993 Dec;27(4):595-600. doi: 10.3109/00048679309075821. PMID: 7907858
Zotepine in the treatment of negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia.
Fleischhacker WW, Barnas C, Stuppäck C, Unterweger B, Hinterhuber H
Pharmacopsychiatry 1987 Feb;20(1 Spec No):58-60. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1017131. PMID: 2883684

Clinical prediction guides

Main characteristics of dermatoglypics associated with schizophrenia and its clinical subtypes.
Norovsambuu O, Tsend-Ayush A, Lkhagvasuren N, Jav S
PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0252831. Epub 2021 Jun 10 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252831. PMID: 34111156Free PMC Article
Glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7T MRS study.
Kumar J, Liddle EB, Fernandes CC, Palaniyappan L, Hall EL, Robson SE, Simmonite M, Fiesal J, Katshu MZ, Qureshi A, Skelton M, Christodoulou NG, Brookes MJ, Morris PG, Liddle PF
Mol Psychiatry 2020 Apr;25(4):873-882. Epub 2018 Jun 22 doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0104-7. PMID: 29934548Free PMC Article
Research on the Effect of the Foot Bath and Foot Massage on Residual Schizophrenia Patients.
Kito K, Suzuki K
Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016 Jun;30(3):375-81. Epub 2016 Jan 11 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.01.002. PMID: 27256944
Relationship between spirituality/religiousness and coping in patients with residual schizophrenia.
Shah R, Kulhara P, Grover S, Kumar S, Malhotra R, Tyagi S
Qual Life Res 2011 Sep;20(7):1053-60. Epub 2011 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s11136-010-9839-6. PMID: 21222165
Clozapine maintenance therapy in schizophrenia.
Gaszner P, Makkos Z
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004 May;28(3):465-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.011. PMID: 15093952

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