U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Myocardial bridging

MedGen UID:
182684
•Concept ID:
C0948355
•
Congenital Abnormality
Synonyms: Bridging, Myocardial; Bridgings, Myocardial; Myocardial Bridging; Myocardial Bridgings
 
HPO: HP:0025490
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0020421

Definition

A congenital variant of a coronary artery in which a portion of an epicardial coronary artery (most frequently the middle segment of the left anterior descending artery) takes an intramuscular course. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Comprehensive Management of ANOCA, Part 2-Program Development, Treatment, and Research Initiatives: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Smilowitz NR, Prasad M, Widmer RJ, Toleva O, Quesada O, Sutton NR, Lerman A, Reynolds HR, Kesarwani M, Savage MP, Sweeny JM, Janaszek KB, Barseghian El-Farra A, Holoshitz N, Park K, Albadri A, Blair JA, Jeremias A, Kearney KE, Kobayashi Y, Miner SES, Samuels BA, Shah SM, Taqueti VR, Wei J, Fearon WF, Moses JW, Henry TD, Tremmel JA; Microvascular Network (MVN)
J Am Coll Cardiol 2023 Sep 19;82(12):1264-1279. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.044. PMID: 37704316
Comprehensive Management of ANOCA, Part 1-Definition, Patient Population, and Diagnosis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Samuels BA, Shah SM, Widmer RJ, Kobayashi Y, Miner SES, Taqueti VR, Jeremias A, Albadri A, Blair JA, Kearney KE, Wei J, Park K, Barseghian El-Farra A, Holoshitz N, Janaszek KB, Kesarwani M, Lerman A, Prasad M, Quesada O, Reynolds HR, Savage MP, Smilowitz NR, Sutton NR, Sweeny JM, Toleva O, Henry TD, Moses JW, Fearon WF, Tremmel JA; Microvascular Network (MVN)
J Am Coll Cardiol 2023 Sep 19;82(12):1245-1263. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.043. PMID: 37704315
Myocardial Bridging: Diagnosis, Functional Assessment, and Management: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Sternheim D, Power DA, Samtani R, Kini A, Fuster V, Sharma S
J Am Coll Cardiol 2021 Nov 30;78(22):2196-2212. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.859. PMID: 34823663

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Myocardial bridging in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a risk factor for myocardial fibrosis.
Song C, Wang S, Guo X, Huang M, Zheng X, Lu J, Ji K, Zhao S, Cui J, Wang S, Huang X
BMC Med 2024 Feb 27;22(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03301-6. PMID: 38413945Free PMC Article
Myocardial Bridging.
Hourmozdi JN, Schimmel D
N Engl J Med 2024 Feb 1;390(5):e11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2307383. PMID: 38294977
Challenges in Evaluation and Management of Children with Myocardial Bridging.
Erol N
Cardiology 2021;146(3):273-280. Epub 2021 Feb 25 doi: 10.1159/000513900. PMID: 33631747
Stable coronary syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnostic advances and therapeutic need.
Ford TJ, Corcoran D, Berry C
Heart 2018 Feb;104(4):284-292. Epub 2017 Oct 13 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311446. PMID: 29030424Free PMC Article
Myocardial bridging and prognosis: more evidence but jury still out.
Tarantini G, Cademartiri F
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013 Jun;14(6):515-7. Epub 2013 Feb 14 doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jet021. PMID: 23413082

Diagnosis

Comprehensive Management of ANOCA, Part 2-Program Development, Treatment, and Research Initiatives: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Smilowitz NR, Prasad M, Widmer RJ, Toleva O, Quesada O, Sutton NR, Lerman A, Reynolds HR, Kesarwani M, Savage MP, Sweeny JM, Janaszek KB, Barseghian El-Farra A, Holoshitz N, Park K, Albadri A, Blair JA, Jeremias A, Kearney KE, Kobayashi Y, Miner SES, Samuels BA, Shah SM, Taqueti VR, Wei J, Fearon WF, Moses JW, Henry TD, Tremmel JA; Microvascular Network (MVN)
J Am Coll Cardiol 2023 Sep 19;82(12):1264-1279. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.044. PMID: 37704316
Comprehensive Management of ANOCA, Part 1-Definition, Patient Population, and Diagnosis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Samuels BA, Shah SM, Widmer RJ, Kobayashi Y, Miner SES, Taqueti VR, Jeremias A, Albadri A, Blair JA, Kearney KE, Wei J, Park K, Barseghian El-Farra A, Holoshitz N, Janaszek KB, Kesarwani M, Lerman A, Prasad M, Quesada O, Reynolds HR, Savage MP, Smilowitz NR, Sutton NR, Sweeny JM, Toleva O, Henry TD, Moses JW, Fearon WF, Tremmel JA; Microvascular Network (MVN)
J Am Coll Cardiol 2023 Sep 19;82(12):1245-1263. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.06.043. PMID: 37704315
Clinically significant myocardial bridging.
Danek BA, Kearney K, Steinberg ZL
Heart 2023 Dec 20;110(2):81-86. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321586. PMID: 37344169
Myocardial Bridging: Diagnosis, Functional Assessment, and Management: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
Sternheim D, Power DA, Samtani R, Kini A, Fuster V, Sharma S
J Am Coll Cardiol 2021 Nov 30;78(22):2196-2212. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.859. PMID: 34823663
Stable coronary syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnostic advances and therapeutic need.
Ford TJ, Corcoran D, Berry C
Heart 2018 Feb;104(4):284-292. Epub 2017 Oct 13 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311446. PMID: 29030424Free PMC Article

Therapy

Update review on myocardial bridging: New insights.
Matta A, Roncalli J, Carrié D
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024 Jan;34(1):10-15. Epub 2022 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.06.002. PMID: 35697237
Acquired and congenital coronary artery abnormalities.
Young ML, McLeary M, Chan KC
Cardiol Young 2017 Jan;27(S1):S31-S35. doi: 10.1017/S1047951116002201. PMID: 28084958
Isolated myocardial bridging and exercise-related cardiac events.
Gowd BM, Thompson PD
Int J Sports Med 2014 Dec;35(14):1145-50. Epub 2014 Aug 21 doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1370912. PMID: 25144435
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood.
Colan SD
Heart Fail Clin 2010 Oct;6(4):433-44, vii-iii. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2010.05.004. PMID: 20869644Free PMC Article
Myocardial bridging.
Alegria JR, Herrmann J, Holmes DR Jr, Lerman A, Rihal CS
Eur Heart J 2005 Jun;26(12):1159-68. Epub 2005 Mar 11 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi203. PMID: 15764618

Prognosis

Myocardial bridging in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a risk factor for myocardial fibrosis.
Song C, Wang S, Guo X, Huang M, Zheng X, Lu J, Ji K, Zhao S, Cui J, Wang S, Huang X
BMC Med 2024 Feb 27;22(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03301-6. PMID: 38413945Free PMC Article
Clinically significant myocardial bridging.
Danek BA, Kearney K, Steinberg ZL
Heart 2023 Dec 20;110(2):81-86. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321586. PMID: 37344169
An Updated Review on Myocardial Bridging.
Murtaza G, Mukherjee D, Gharacholou SM, Nanjundappa A, Lavie CJ, Khan AA, Shanmugasundaram M, Paul TK
Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2020 Sep;21(9):1169-1179. Epub 2020 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.02.014. PMID: 32173330
Non-atherosclerotic causes of acute coronary syndromes.
Waterbury TM, Tarantini G, Vogel B, Mehran R, Gersh BJ, Gulati R
Nat Rev Cardiol 2020 Apr;17(4):229-241. Epub 2019 Oct 3 doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0273-3. PMID: 31582839
Myocardial bridging and prognosis: more evidence but jury still out.
Tarantini G, Cademartiri F
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013 Jun;14(6):515-7. Epub 2013 Feb 14 doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jet021. PMID: 23413082

Clinical prediction guides

Congenital morphological patterns of myocardial bridges.
Rissi R, Gonsalves DG, Marques MJ, Neto HS
Morphologie 2023 Dec;107(359):100603. Epub 2023 May 26 doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.05.002. PMID: 37246099
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Consequences of Myocardial Bridging in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Bruce C, Ubhi N, McKeegan P, Sanders K
Am J Cardiol 2023 Feb 1;188:110-119. Epub 2022 Dec 10 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.059. PMID: 36512852
Myocardial bridging is significantly associated to myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.
Matta A, Nader V, Canitrot R, Delmas C, Bouisset F, Lhermusier T, Blanco S, Campelo-Parada F, Elbaz M, Carrie D, Galinier M, Roncalli J
Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2022 Jun 22;11(6):501-507. doi: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac047. PMID: 35511689
Acquired and congenital coronary artery abnormalities.
Young ML, McLeary M, Chan KC
Cardiol Young 2017 Jan;27(S1):S31-S35. doi: 10.1017/S1047951116002201. PMID: 28084958
Myocardial bridging: a review with emphasis on electrocardiographic findings.
Rovai D, Di Bella G, Pingitore A, Coceani M
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2015 Mar;20(2):103-7. Epub 2014 Dec 22 doi: 10.1111/anec.12242. PMID: 25530097Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

A Contemporary Review of the Genomic Associations of Coronary Artery Myocardial Bridging.
Moore P, Murdock P, Ramanathan A, Sathyamoorthy M
Genes (Basel) 2023 Dec 4;14(12) doi: 10.3390/genes14122175. PMID: 38136997Free PMC Article
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Consequences of Myocardial Bridging in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Bruce C, Ubhi N, McKeegan P, Sanders K
Am J Cardiol 2023 Feb 1;188:110-119. Epub 2022 Dec 10 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.059. PMID: 36512852
Myocardial bridges: A meta-analysis.
Roberts W, Charles SM, Ang C, Holda MK, Walocha J, Lachman N, Tubbs RS, Loukas M
Clin Anat 2021 Jul;34(5):685-709. Epub 2021 Feb 22 doi: 10.1002/ca.23697. PMID: 33078444
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and associated myocardial bridging: Current evidence from cohort study and case reports.
Tajrishi FZ, Ahmad A, Jamil A, Sharfaei S, Goudarzi S, Homayounieh F, Pitliya A, Kahe F, Chi G
Med Hypotheses 2019 Jul;128:50-53. Epub 2019 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.05.012. PMID: 31203908
What is the optimal treatment for symptomatic patients with isolated coronary myocardial bridge? A systematic review and pooled analysis.
Cerrato E, Barbero U, D'Ascenzo F, Taha S, Biondi-Zoccai G, Omedè P, Bianco M, Echavarria-Pinto M, Escaned J, Gaita F, Varbella F
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017 Oct;18(10):758-770. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000551. PMID: 28834785

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...