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Late infantile CACH syndrome

MedGen UID:
1826172
•Concept ID:
C5680648
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: late infantile CACH syndrome
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0015520
Orphanet: ORPHA157716

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Consensus recommendations for the classification and long-term follow up of infants who screen positive for Krabbe Disease.
Thompson-Stone R, Ream MA, Gelb M, Matern D, Orsini JJ, Levy PA, Rubin JP, Wenger DA, Burton BK, Escolar ML, Kurtzberg J
Mol Genet Metab 2021 Sep-Oct;134(1-2):53-59. Epub 2021 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.016. PMID: 33832819
Clinical management of Krabbe disease.
Escolar ML, West T, Dallavecchia A, Poe MD, LaPoint K
J Neurosci Res 2016 Nov;94(11):1118-25. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23891. PMID: 27638597
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: Disease spectrum and approaches for treatment.
van Rappard DF, Boelens JJ, Wolf NI
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 Mar;29(2):261-73. Epub 2014 Oct 16 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.10.001. PMID: 25987178

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Recognizing early MRI signs (or their absence) is crucial in diagnosing metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Schoenmakers DH, Beerepoot S, Krägeloh-Mann I, Elgün S, Bender B, van der Knaap MS, Wolf NI, Groeschel S
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022 Dec;9(12):1999-2009. Epub 2022 Nov 5 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51692. PMID: 36334091Free PMC Article
Lentiviral haematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for early-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: long-term results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 trial and expanded access.
Fumagalli F, Calbi V, Natali Sora MG, Sessa M, Baldoli C, Rancoita PMV, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Fraschini M, Zambon AA, Acquati S, Redaelli D, Attanasio V, Miglietta S, De Mattia F, Barzaghi F, Ferrua F, Migliavacca M, Tucci F, Gallo V, Del Carro U, Canale S, Spiga I, Lorioli L, Recupero S, Fratini ES, Morena F, Silvani P, Calvi MR, Facchini M, Locatelli S, Corti A, Zancan S, Antonioli G, Farinelli G, Gabaldo M, Garcia-Segovia J, Schwab LC, Downey GF, Filippi M, Cicalese MP, Martino S, Di Serio C, Ciceri F, Bernardo ME, Naldini L, Biffi A, Aiuti A
Lancet 2022 Jan 22;399(10322):372-383. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02017-1. PMID: 35065785Free PMC Article
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: A single-center longitudinal study of 45 patients.
Fumagalli F, Zambon AA, Rancoita PMV, Baldoli C, Canale S, Spiga I, Medaglini S, Penati R, Facchini M, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Natali Sora MG, Del Carro U, Cugnata F, Antonioli G, Recupero S, Calbi V, Di Serio C, Aiuti A, Biffi A, Sessa M
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Sep;44(5):1151-1164. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12388. PMID: 33855715
Lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy benefits metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Biffi A, Montini E, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Fumagalli F, Plati T, Baldoli C, Martino S, Calabria A, Canale S, Benedicenti F, Vallanti G, Biasco L, Leo S, Kabbara N, Zanetti G, Rizzo WB, Mehta NA, Cicalese MP, Casiraghi M, Boelens JJ, Del Carro U, Dow DJ, Schmidt M, Assanelli A, Neduva V, Di Serio C, Stupka E, Gardner J, von Kalle C, Bordignon C, Ciceri F, Rovelli A, Roncarolo MG, Aiuti A, Sessa M, Naldini L
Science 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):1233158. Epub 2013 Jul 11 doi: 10.1126/science.1233158. PMID: 23845948
Krabbe disease--clinical profile.
Tullu MS, Muranjan MN, Kondurkar PP, Bharucha BA
Indian Pediatr 2000 Sep;37(9):939-46. PMID: 10992329

Diagnosis

Lentiviral haematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for early-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: long-term results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 trial and expanded access.
Fumagalli F, Calbi V, Natali Sora MG, Sessa M, Baldoli C, Rancoita PMV, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Fraschini M, Zambon AA, Acquati S, Redaelli D, Attanasio V, Miglietta S, De Mattia F, Barzaghi F, Ferrua F, Migliavacca M, Tucci F, Gallo V, Del Carro U, Canale S, Spiga I, Lorioli L, Recupero S, Fratini ES, Morena F, Silvani P, Calvi MR, Facchini M, Locatelli S, Corti A, Zancan S, Antonioli G, Farinelli G, Gabaldo M, Garcia-Segovia J, Schwab LC, Downey GF, Filippi M, Cicalese MP, Martino S, Di Serio C, Ciceri F, Bernardo ME, Naldini L, Biffi A, Aiuti A
Lancet 2022 Jan 22;399(10322):372-383. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02017-1. PMID: 35065785Free PMC Article
Clinical management of Krabbe disease.
Escolar ML, West T, Dallavecchia A, Poe MD, LaPoint K
J Neurosci Res 2016 Nov;94(11):1118-25. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23891. PMID: 27638597
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: Disease spectrum and approaches for treatment.
van Rappard DF, Boelens JJ, Wolf NI
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 Mar;29(2):261-73. Epub 2014 Oct 16 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.10.001. PMID: 25987178
Leukodystrophies with astrocytic dysfunction.
Rodriguez D
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;113:1619-28. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00030-7. PMID: 23622383
Metachromatic leukodystrophy--an update.
Gieselmann V, Krägeloh-Mann I
Neuropediatrics 2010 Feb;41(1):1-6. Epub 2010 Jun 22 doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1253412. PMID: 20571983

Therapy

Acute-onset paralytic strabismus in toddlers is important to consider as a potential early sign of late-infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
Beerepoot S, Wolf NI, Wehner K, Bender B, van der Knaap MS, Krägeloh-Mann I, Groeschel S
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022 Mar;37:87-93. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.020. PMID: 35152000
Lentiviral haematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for early-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: long-term results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 trial and expanded access.
Fumagalli F, Calbi V, Natali Sora MG, Sessa M, Baldoli C, Rancoita PMV, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Fraschini M, Zambon AA, Acquati S, Redaelli D, Attanasio V, Miglietta S, De Mattia F, Barzaghi F, Ferrua F, Migliavacca M, Tucci F, Gallo V, Del Carro U, Canale S, Spiga I, Lorioli L, Recupero S, Fratini ES, Morena F, Silvani P, Calvi MR, Facchini M, Locatelli S, Corti A, Zancan S, Antonioli G, Farinelli G, Gabaldo M, Garcia-Segovia J, Schwab LC, Downey GF, Filippi M, Cicalese MP, Martino S, Di Serio C, Ciceri F, Bernardo ME, Naldini L, Biffi A, Aiuti A
Lancet 2022 Jan 22;399(10322):372-383. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02017-1. PMID: 35065785Free PMC Article
Phenotypic variation between siblings with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
Elgün S, Waibel J, Kehrer C, van Rappard D, Böhringer J, Beck-Wödl S, Just J, Schöls L, Wolf N, Krägeloh-Mann I, Groeschel S
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019 Jun 11;14(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1113-6. PMID: 31186049Free PMC Article
Diffusion tensor imaging in metachromatic leukodystrophy.
van Rappard DF, Königs M, Steenweg ME, Boelens JJ, Oosterlaan J, van der Knaap MS, Wolf NI, Pouwels PJW
J Neurol 2018 Mar;265(3):659-668. Epub 2018 Jan 30 doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8765-3. PMID: 29383515Free PMC Article
Lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy benefits metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Biffi A, Montini E, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Fumagalli F, Plati T, Baldoli C, Martino S, Calabria A, Canale S, Benedicenti F, Vallanti G, Biasco L, Leo S, Kabbara N, Zanetti G, Rizzo WB, Mehta NA, Cicalese MP, Casiraghi M, Boelens JJ, Del Carro U, Dow DJ, Schmidt M, Assanelli A, Neduva V, Di Serio C, Stupka E, Gardner J, von Kalle C, Bordignon C, Ciceri F, Rovelli A, Roncarolo MG, Aiuti A, Sessa M, Naldini L
Science 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):1233158. Epub 2013 Jul 11 doi: 10.1126/science.1233158. PMID: 23845948

Prognosis

Lentiviral haematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for early-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: long-term results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 trial and expanded access.
Fumagalli F, Calbi V, Natali Sora MG, Sessa M, Baldoli C, Rancoita PMV, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Fraschini M, Zambon AA, Acquati S, Redaelli D, Attanasio V, Miglietta S, De Mattia F, Barzaghi F, Ferrua F, Migliavacca M, Tucci F, Gallo V, Del Carro U, Canale S, Spiga I, Lorioli L, Recupero S, Fratini ES, Morena F, Silvani P, Calvi MR, Facchini M, Locatelli S, Corti A, Zancan S, Antonioli G, Farinelli G, Gabaldo M, Garcia-Segovia J, Schwab LC, Downey GF, Filippi M, Cicalese MP, Martino S, Di Serio C, Ciceri F, Bernardo ME, Naldini L, Biffi A, Aiuti A
Lancet 2022 Jan 22;399(10322):372-383. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02017-1. PMID: 35065785Free PMC Article
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: A single-center longitudinal study of 45 patients.
Fumagalli F, Zambon AA, Rancoita PMV, Baldoli C, Canale S, Spiga I, Medaglini S, Penati R, Facchini M, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Natali Sora MG, Del Carro U, Cugnata F, Antonioli G, Recupero S, Calbi V, Di Serio C, Aiuti A, Biffi A, Sessa M
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Sep;44(5):1151-1164. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12388. PMID: 33855715
Clinical management of Krabbe disease.
Escolar ML, West T, Dallavecchia A, Poe MD, LaPoint K
J Neurosci Res 2016 Nov;94(11):1118-25. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23891. PMID: 27638597
Lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy benefits metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Biffi A, Montini E, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Fumagalli F, Plati T, Baldoli C, Martino S, Calabria A, Canale S, Benedicenti F, Vallanti G, Biasco L, Leo S, Kabbara N, Zanetti G, Rizzo WB, Mehta NA, Cicalese MP, Casiraghi M, Boelens JJ, Del Carro U, Dow DJ, Schmidt M, Assanelli A, Neduva V, Di Serio C, Stupka E, Gardner J, von Kalle C, Bordignon C, Ciceri F, Rovelli A, Roncarolo MG, Aiuti A, Sessa M, Naldini L
Science 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):1233158. Epub 2013 Jul 11 doi: 10.1126/science.1233158. PMID: 23845948
Leukodystrophies with astrocytic dysfunction.
Rodriguez D
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;113:1619-28. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00030-7. PMID: 23622383

Clinical prediction guides

Recognizing early MRI signs (or their absence) is crucial in diagnosing metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Schoenmakers DH, Beerepoot S, Krägeloh-Mann I, Elgün S, Bender B, van der Knaap MS, Wolf NI, Groeschel S
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022 Dec;9(12):1999-2009. Epub 2022 Nov 5 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51692. PMID: 36334091Free PMC Article
Lentiviral haematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for early-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: long-term results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 trial and expanded access.
Fumagalli F, Calbi V, Natali Sora MG, Sessa M, Baldoli C, Rancoita PMV, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Fraschini M, Zambon AA, Acquati S, Redaelli D, Attanasio V, Miglietta S, De Mattia F, Barzaghi F, Ferrua F, Migliavacca M, Tucci F, Gallo V, Del Carro U, Canale S, Spiga I, Lorioli L, Recupero S, Fratini ES, Morena F, Silvani P, Calvi MR, Facchini M, Locatelli S, Corti A, Zancan S, Antonioli G, Farinelli G, Gabaldo M, Garcia-Segovia J, Schwab LC, Downey GF, Filippi M, Cicalese MP, Martino S, Di Serio C, Ciceri F, Bernardo ME, Naldini L, Biffi A, Aiuti A
Lancet 2022 Jan 22;399(10322):372-383. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02017-1. PMID: 35065785Free PMC Article
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: A single-center longitudinal study of 45 patients.
Fumagalli F, Zambon AA, Rancoita PMV, Baldoli C, Canale S, Spiga I, Medaglini S, Penati R, Facchini M, Ciotti F, Sarzana M, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Natali Sora MG, Del Carro U, Cugnata F, Antonioli G, Recupero S, Calbi V, Di Serio C, Aiuti A, Biffi A, Sessa M
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Sep;44(5):1151-1164. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12388. PMID: 33855715
Clinical characteristics of 248 patients with Krabbe disease: quantitative natural history modeling based on published cases.
Komatsuzaki S, Zielonka M, Mountford WK, Kölker S, Hoffmann GF, Garbade SF, Ries M
Genet Med 2019 Oct;21(10):2208-2215. Epub 2019 Mar 22 doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0480-7. PMID: 30899093
Lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy benefits metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Biffi A, Montini E, Lorioli L, Cesani M, Fumagalli F, Plati T, Baldoli C, Martino S, Calabria A, Canale S, Benedicenti F, Vallanti G, Biasco L, Leo S, Kabbara N, Zanetti G, Rizzo WB, Mehta NA, Cicalese MP, Casiraghi M, Boelens JJ, Del Carro U, Dow DJ, Schmidt M, Assanelli A, Neduva V, Di Serio C, Stupka E, Gardner J, von Kalle C, Bordignon C, Ciceri F, Rovelli A, Roncarolo MG, Aiuti A, Sessa M, Naldini L
Science 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):1233158. Epub 2013 Jul 11 doi: 10.1126/science.1233158. PMID: 23845948

Recent systematic reviews

The natural history and burden of illness of metachromatic leukodystrophy: a systematic literature review.
Chang SC, Eichinger CS, Field P
Eur J Med Res 2024 Mar 18;29(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-01771-1. PMID: 38494502Free PMC Article
A systematic review on the birth prevalence of metachromatic leukodystrophy.
Chang SC, Bergamasco A, Bonnin M, Bisonó TA, Moride Y
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024 Feb 21;19(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s13023-024-03044-w. PMID: 38383398Free PMC Article
The clinical spectrum of late-onset Alexander disease: a systematic literature review.
Balbi P, Salvini S, Fundarò C, Frazzitta G, Maestri R, Mosah D, Uggetti C, Sechi G
J Neurol 2010 Dec;257(12):1955-62. Epub 2010 Aug 20 doi: 10.1007/s00415-010-5706-1. PMID: 20721574
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: a case of triplets with the late infantile variant and a systematic review of the literature.
Mahmood A, Berry J, Wenger DA, Escolar M, Sobeih M, Raymond G, Eichler FS
J Child Neurol 2010 May;25(5):572-80. Epub 2009 Dec 28 doi: 10.1177/0883073809341669. PMID: 20038527Free PMC Article

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