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Immunodeficiency 95(IMD95)

MedGen UID:
1802205
Concept ID:
C5676929
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: IMD95
 
Gene (location): IFIH1 (2q24.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0030692
OMIM®: 619773

Definition

Immunodeficiency-95 (IMD95) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized predominantly by the onset of recurrent and severe viral respiratory infections in infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals often require hospitalization or respiratory support for these infections, which include human rhinovirus (HRV) and RSV. Immunologic workup is usually normal, although some mild abnormalities may be observed. The disorder results from a loss of ability of the innate immune system to sense viral genetic information, which causes a lack of interferon (IFN) production, poor response to viral and immunologic stimulation, and failure to control viral replication (summary by Lamborn et al., 2017, Asgari et al., 2017, Cananzi et al., 2021). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Respiratory distress
MedGen UID:
96907
Concept ID:
C0476273
Sign or Symptom
Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.
Respiratory failure
MedGen UID:
257837
Concept ID:
C1145670
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.
Recurrent respiratory infections
MedGen UID:
812812
Concept ID:
C3806482
Finding
An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.
Recurrent viral pneumonia
MedGen UID:
1734666
Concept ID:
C5421686
Finding
Increased susceptibility to viral pneumonia, as manifested by recurrent episodes of viral pneumonias.
Ground-glass opacification
MedGen UID:
1779663
Concept ID:
C5539411
Finding
On chest radiographs, ground-glass opacity appears as an area of hazy increased lung opacity, usually extensive, within which margins of pulmonary vessels may be indistinct. On CT scans, it appears as hazy increased opacity of lung, with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. It is caused by partial filling of airspaces, interstitial thickening (due to fluid, cells, and/or fibrosis), partial collapse of alveoli, increased capillary blood volume, or a combination of these, the common factor being the partial displacement of air. Ground-glass opacity is less opaque than consolidation, in which bronchovascular margins are obscured.
Lymphopenia
MedGen UID:
7418
Concept ID:
C0024312
Disease or Syndrome
A reduced number of lymphocytes in the blood.
Decreased circulating IgG3 concentration
MedGen UID:
1686383
Concept ID:
C5139155
Finding
A reduction in immunoglobulin levels of the IgG3 subclass in the blood circulation.
Increased circulating IgG3 level
MedGen UID:
1687845
Concept ID:
C5139254
Finding
An abnormally increased concentration of the IgG3 subtype in the blood circulation.
Recurrent viral upper respiratory tract infections
MedGen UID:
1739717
Concept ID:
C5421654
Finding
An increased susceptibility to viral upper respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent viral upper respiratory tract infections (otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis).
Recurrent fever
MedGen UID:
811468
Concept ID:
C3714772
Sign or Symptom
Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Thakar MS, Logan BR, Puck JM, Dunn EA, Buckley RH, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Pai SY, Heimall J, Chandra S, Ebens CL, Chellapandian D, Williams O, Burroughs LM, Saldana BD, Rayes A, Madden LM, Chandrakasan S, Bednarski JJ 2nd, DeSantes KB, Cuvelier GDE, Teira P, Gillio AP, Eissa H, Knutsen AP, Goldman FD, Aquino VM, Shereck EB, Moore TB, Caywood EH, Lugt MTV, Rozmus J, Broglie L, Yu LC, Shah AJ, Andolina JR, Liu X, Parrott RE, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez CA, Kapadia M, Jyonouchi SC, Sullivan KE, Bleesing JJ, Chaudhury S, Petrovic A, Keller MD, Quigg TC, Parikh S, Shenoy S, Seroogy C, Rubin T, Decaluwe H, Routes JM, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pulsipher MA, Kohn DB, Griffith LM, Haddad E, Dvorak CC, Notarangelo LD
Lancet 2023 Jul 8;402(10396):129-140. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00731-6. PMID: 37352885Free PMC Article
Chen W, Xia C, Zheng R, Zhou M, Lin C, Zeng H, Zhang S, Wang L, Yang Z, Sun K, Li H, Brown MD, Islami F, Bray F, Jemal A, He J
Lancet Glob Health 2019 Feb;7(2):e257-e269. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30488-1. PMID: 30683243
Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Montori VM; Task Force, Endocrine Society
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 Jun;95(6):2536-59. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2354. PMID: 20525905

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Thakar MS, Logan BR, Puck JM, Dunn EA, Buckley RH, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Pai SY, Heimall J, Chandra S, Ebens CL, Chellapandian D, Williams O, Burroughs LM, Saldana BD, Rayes A, Madden LM, Chandrakasan S, Bednarski JJ 2nd, DeSantes KB, Cuvelier GDE, Teira P, Gillio AP, Eissa H, Knutsen AP, Goldman FD, Aquino VM, Shereck EB, Moore TB, Caywood EH, Lugt MTV, Rozmus J, Broglie L, Yu LC, Shah AJ, Andolina JR, Liu X, Parrott RE, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez CA, Kapadia M, Jyonouchi SC, Sullivan KE, Bleesing JJ, Chaudhury S, Petrovic A, Keller MD, Quigg TC, Parikh S, Shenoy S, Seroogy C, Rubin T, Decaluwe H, Routes JM, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pulsipher MA, Kohn DB, Griffith LM, Haddad E, Dvorak CC, Notarangelo LD
Lancet 2023 Jul 8;402(10396):129-140. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00731-6. PMID: 37352885Free PMC Article
Lisco A, Ortega-Villa AM, Mystakelis H, Anderson MV, Mateja A, Laidlaw E, Manion M, Roby G, Higgins J, Kuriakose S, Walkiewicz MA, Similuk M, Leiding JW, Freeman AF, Sheikh V, Sereti I
N Engl J Med 2023 May 4;388(18):1680-1691. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2202348. PMID: 37133586Free PMC Article
Milota T, Strizova Z, Smetanova J, Sediva A
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Dec 1;21(6):545-552. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000788. PMID: 34545040
van Os NJH, Jansen AFM, van Deuren M, Haraldsson A, van Driel NTM, Etzioni A, van der Flier M, Haaxma CA, Morio T, Rawat A, Schoenaker MHD, Soresina A, Taylor AMR, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP
Clin Immunol 2017 May;178:45-55. Epub 2017 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.009. PMID: 28126470
Stohl W, Schwarting A, Okada M, Scheinberg M, Doria A, Hammer AE, Kleoudis C, Groark J, Bass D, Fox NL, Roth D, Gordon D
Arthritis Rheumatol 2017 May;69(5):1016-1027. Epub 2017 Apr 7 doi: 10.1002/art.40049. PMID: 28118533Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Thakar MS, Logan BR, Puck JM, Dunn EA, Buckley RH, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Pai SY, Heimall J, Chandra S, Ebens CL, Chellapandian D, Williams O, Burroughs LM, Saldana BD, Rayes A, Madden LM, Chandrakasan S, Bednarski JJ 2nd, DeSantes KB, Cuvelier GDE, Teira P, Gillio AP, Eissa H, Knutsen AP, Goldman FD, Aquino VM, Shereck EB, Moore TB, Caywood EH, Lugt MTV, Rozmus J, Broglie L, Yu LC, Shah AJ, Andolina JR, Liu X, Parrott RE, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez CA, Kapadia M, Jyonouchi SC, Sullivan KE, Bleesing JJ, Chaudhury S, Petrovic A, Keller MD, Quigg TC, Parikh S, Shenoy S, Seroogy C, Rubin T, Decaluwe H, Routes JM, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pulsipher MA, Kohn DB, Griffith LM, Haddad E, Dvorak CC, Notarangelo LD
Lancet 2023 Jul 8;402(10396):129-140. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00731-6. PMID: 37352885Free PMC Article
Lisco A, Ortega-Villa AM, Mystakelis H, Anderson MV, Mateja A, Laidlaw E, Manion M, Roby G, Higgins J, Kuriakose S, Walkiewicz MA, Similuk M, Leiding JW, Freeman AF, Sheikh V, Sereti I
N Engl J Med 2023 May 4;388(18):1680-1691. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2202348. PMID: 37133586Free PMC Article
Rajasingham R, Govender NP, Jordan A, Loyse A, Shroufi A, Denning DW, Meya DB, Chiller TM, Boulware DR
Lancet Infect Dis 2022 Dec;22(12):1748-1755. Epub 2022 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00499-6. PMID: 36049486Free PMC Article
Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L
AIDS Res Ther 2021 Apr 27;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1. PMID: 33906698Free PMC Article
Poorolajal J, Hooshmand E, Mahjub H, Esmailnasab N, Jenabi E
Public Health 2016 Oct;139:3-12. Epub 2016 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.05.004. PMID: 27349729

Therapy

Badolato R, Alsina L, Azar A, Bertrand Y, Bolyard AA, Dale D, Deyà-Martínez À, Dickerson KE, Ezra N, Hasle H, Kang HJ, Kiani-Alikhan S, Kuijpers TW, Kulagin A, Langguth D, Levin C, Neth O, Olbrich P, Peake J, Rodina Y, Rutten CE, Shcherbina A, Tarrant TK, Vossen MG, Wysocki CA, Belschner A, Bridger GJ, Chen K, Dubuc S, Hu Y, Jiang H, Li S, MacLeod R, Stewart M, Taveras AG, Yan T, Donadieu J
Blood 2024 Jul 4;144(1):35-45. doi: 10.1182/blood.2023022658. PMID: 38643510Free PMC Article
Wood EM, Zani B, Esterhuizen TM, Young T
BMC Health Serv Res 2018 Mar 27;18(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4. PMID: 29587719Free PMC Article
Stohl W, Schwarting A, Okada M, Scheinberg M, Doria A, Hammer AE, Kleoudis C, Groark J, Bass D, Fox NL, Roth D, Gordon D
Arthritis Rheumatol 2017 May;69(5):1016-1027. Epub 2017 Apr 7 doi: 10.1002/art.40049. PMID: 28118533Free PMC Article
Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole SV, Chariyalertsak S, Santos BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Cottle L, Zhang XC, Makhema J, Mills LA, Panchia R, Faesen S, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, Swindells S, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, Nielsen-Saines K, Celentano DD, Essex M, Hudelson SE, Redd AD, Fleming TR; HPTN 052 Study Team
N Engl J Med 2016 Sep 1;375(9):830-9. Epub 2016 Jul 18 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600693. PMID: 27424812Free PMC Article
Bucher HC, Guyatt GH, Griffith LE, Walter SD
J Clin Epidemiol 1997 Jun;50(6):683-91. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00049-8. PMID: 9250266

Prognosis

Zhang B, Fan J, Huang C, Fan H, Chen J, Huang X, Zeng X
J Clin Immunol 2023 Oct;43(7):1660-1670. Epub 2023 Jun 26 doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01537-0. PMID: 37365453Free PMC Article
Lisco A, Ortega-Villa AM, Mystakelis H, Anderson MV, Mateja A, Laidlaw E, Manion M, Roby G, Higgins J, Kuriakose S, Walkiewicz MA, Similuk M, Leiding JW, Freeman AF, Sheikh V, Sereti I
N Engl J Med 2023 May 4;388(18):1680-1691. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2202348. PMID: 37133586Free PMC Article
Frescura L, Godfrey-Faussett P, Feizzadeh A A, El-Sadr W, Syarif O, Ghys PD; on and behalf of the 2025 testing treatment target Working Group
PLoS One 2022;17(8):e0272405. Epub 2022 Aug 4 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272405. PMID: 35925943Free PMC Article
GBD 2017 HIV collaborators
Lancet HIV 2019 Dec;6(12):e831-e859. Epub 2019 Aug 19 doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30196-1. PMID: 31439534Free PMC Article
van Os NJH, Jansen AFM, van Deuren M, Haraldsson A, van Driel NTM, Etzioni A, van der Flier M, Haaxma CA, Morio T, Rawat A, Schoenaker MHD, Soresina A, Taylor AMR, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP
Clin Immunol 2017 May;178:45-55. Epub 2017 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.009. PMID: 28126470

Clinical prediction guides

Badolato R, Alsina L, Azar A, Bertrand Y, Bolyard AA, Dale D, Deyà-Martínez À, Dickerson KE, Ezra N, Hasle H, Kang HJ, Kiani-Alikhan S, Kuijpers TW, Kulagin A, Langguth D, Levin C, Neth O, Olbrich P, Peake J, Rodina Y, Rutten CE, Shcherbina A, Tarrant TK, Vossen MG, Wysocki CA, Belschner A, Bridger GJ, Chen K, Dubuc S, Hu Y, Jiang H, Li S, MacLeod R, Stewart M, Taveras AG, Yan T, Donadieu J
Blood 2024 Jul 4;144(1):35-45. doi: 10.1182/blood.2023022658. PMID: 38643510Free PMC Article
Lisco A, Ortega-Villa AM, Mystakelis H, Anderson MV, Mateja A, Laidlaw E, Manion M, Roby G, Higgins J, Kuriakose S, Walkiewicz MA, Similuk M, Leiding JW, Freeman AF, Sheikh V, Sereti I
N Engl J Med 2023 May 4;388(18):1680-1691. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2202348. PMID: 37133586Free PMC Article
Nugraheni R, Murti B, Irawanto ME, Sulaiman ES, Pamungkasari EP
J Med Life 2022 Oct;15(10):1212-1217. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0348. PMID: 36420290Free PMC Article
Noori M, Shokri P, Nejadghaderi SA, Golmohammadi S, Carson-Chahhoud K, Bragazzi NL, Ansarin K, Kolahi AA, Arshi S, Safiri S
Rev Med Virol 2022 May;32(3):e2298. Epub 2021 Sep 30 doi: 10.1002/rmv.2298. PMID: 34590759
Stohl W, Schwarting A, Okada M, Scheinberg M, Doria A, Hammer AE, Kleoudis C, Groark J, Bass D, Fox NL, Roth D, Gordon D
Arthritis Rheumatol 2017 May;69(5):1016-1027. Epub 2017 Apr 7 doi: 10.1002/art.40049. PMID: 28118533Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Mohammadi T, Azizi G, Rafiemanesh H, Farahani P, Nirouei M, Tavakol M
Clin Exp Med 2023 Dec;23(8):4835-4859. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1007/s10238-023-01228-5. PMID: 37924455
Senécal J, Smyth E, Del Corpo O, Hsu JM, Amar-Zifkin A, Bergeron A, Cheng MP, Butler-Laporte G, McDonald EG, Lee TC
Clin Microbiol Infect 2022 Jan;28(1):23-30. Epub 2021 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.08.017. PMID: 34464734
Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L
AIDS Res Ther 2021 Apr 27;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1. PMID: 33906698Free PMC Article
Peebles K, Velloza J, Balkus JE, McClelland RS, Barnabas RV
Sex Transm Dis 2019 May;46(5):304-311. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000972. PMID: 30624309
Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M; IeDEA Southern and Central Africa
Lancet Infect Dis 2010 Apr;10(4):251-61. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8. PMID: 20334848Free PMC Article

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