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Immunodeficiency 92(IMD92)

MedGen UID:
1794249
Concept ID:
C5562039
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: IMD92; IMMUNODEFICIENCY 92
 
Gene (location): REL (2p16.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0030498
OMIM®: 619652

Definition

Immunodeficiency-92 (IMD92) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood. Infectious agents are broad, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic, including Cryptosporidium and Mycobacteria. Patient lymphocytes show defects in both T- and B-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and overall function, and there is also evidence of dysfunction of NK, certain antigen-presenting cells, and myeloid subsets. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be curative (summary by Beaussant-Cohen et al., 2019 and Levy et al., 2021). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Esophagitis
MedGen UID:
4549
Concept ID:
C0014868
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the esophagus.
Hepatomegaly
MedGen UID:
42428
Concept ID:
C0019209
Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Chronic diarrhea
MedGen UID:
96036
Concept ID:
C0401151
Finding
The presence of chronic diarrhea, which is usually taken to mean diarrhea that has persisted for over 4 weeks.
Thrombocytosis
MedGen UID:
163397
Concept ID:
C0836924
Disease or Syndrome
Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood.
Cholangitis
MedGen UID:
40258
Concept ID:
C0008311
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system, affecting the intrahepatic or extrahepatic portions, or both.
Sclerosing cholangitis
MedGen UID:
3036
Concept ID:
C0008313
Disease or Syndrome
Cholangitis associated with evident ductal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of long-standing bile duct inflammatory, obstruction, or ischemic injury; it can be obliterative or nonobliterative.
Leukocytosis
MedGen UID:
9736
Concept ID:
C0023518
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood.
Lymphocytosis
MedGen UID:
9834
Concept ID:
C0024282
Disease or Syndrome
Increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.
Osteomyelitis
MedGen UID:
10497
Concept ID:
C0029443
Disease or Syndrome
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process accompanied by bone destruction and caused by an infecting microorganism.
Pneumonia
MedGen UID:
10813
Concept ID:
C0032285
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of any part of the lung parenchyma.
Decreased circulating IgA concentration
MedGen UID:
57934
Concept ID:
C0162538
Disease or Syndrome
Decreased levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA).
Recurrent oral herpes
MedGen UID:
697662
Concept ID:
C1274321
Disease or Syndrome
Recurrent episodes of oral herpes, typically characterized by blisters or ulcers on the gums, lips and/or tongue caused by herpes virus.
B lymphocytopenia
MedGen UID:
340780
Concept ID:
C1855067
Finding
An abnormal decrease from the normal count of B cells.
BCGosis
MedGen UID:
823215
Concept ID:
C3830467
Disease or Syndrome
Distant, or disseminated infection with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) following vaccination associated with failure to contain thebacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) following vaccination leading to spread of BCG to many sites in the body. The tuberculosis vaccine BCG contains live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis.
Decreased proportion of class-switched memory B cells
MedGen UID:
892709
Concept ID:
C4072925
Finding
A reduction in the normal proportion of class-switched memory B cells (CD19+/CD27+/IgM+/IgD+) relative to the total number of B cells. Marginal zone B cells undergo limited somatic hypermutation and produce high-affinity IgM and some IgG, whereas class-switched memory B cells synthetize IgG, IgM, and IgA.
Abnormal B cell proliferation
MedGen UID:
1621488
Concept ID:
C4531167
Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
Any abnormality in the multiplication or reproduction of B cells, which results in the expansion of a cell population.
Persistent CMV viremia
MedGen UID:
1696514
Concept ID:
C5139221
Finding
Lasting (uncontrolled) presence of cytomegalovirus in the blood circulation.
Partial absence of specific antibody response to tetanus vaccine
MedGen UID:
1699537
Concept ID:
C5139460
Finding
A reduced ability to synthesize postvaccination antibodies against a tetanus antigen, as measured by antibody titer determination following vaccination.
Decreased circulating IgG concentration
MedGen UID:
1720114
Concept ID:
C5234937
Finding
An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in blood.
Recurrent fever
MedGen UID:
811468
Concept ID:
C3714772
Sign or Symptom
Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Thakar MS, Logan BR, Puck JM, Dunn EA, Buckley RH, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Pai SY, Heimall J, Chandra S, Ebens CL, Chellapandian D, Williams O, Burroughs LM, Saldana BD, Rayes A, Madden LM, Chandrakasan S, Bednarski JJ 2nd, DeSantes KB, Cuvelier GDE, Teira P, Gillio AP, Eissa H, Knutsen AP, Goldman FD, Aquino VM, Shereck EB, Moore TB, Caywood EH, Lugt MTV, Rozmus J, Broglie L, Yu LC, Shah AJ, Andolina JR, Liu X, Parrott RE, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez CA, Kapadia M, Jyonouchi SC, Sullivan KE, Bleesing JJ, Chaudhury S, Petrovic A, Keller MD, Quigg TC, Parikh S, Shenoy S, Seroogy C, Rubin T, Decaluwe H, Routes JM, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pulsipher MA, Kohn DB, Griffith LM, Haddad E, Dvorak CC, Notarangelo LD
Lancet 2023 Jul 8;402(10396):129-140. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00731-6. PMID: 37352885Free PMC Article
Vakkilainen S, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O
Scand J Immunol 2020 Oct;92(4):e12913. Epub 2020 Jun 22 doi: 10.1111/sji.12913. PMID: 32506568
Hurst JR, Verma N, Lowe D, Baxendale HE, Jolles S, Kelleher P, Longhurst HJ, Patel SY, Renzoni EA, Sander CR, Avery GR, Babar JL, Buckland MS, Burns S, Egner W, Gompels MM, Gordins P, Haddock JA, Hart SP, Hayman GR, Herriot R, Hoyles RK, Huissoon AP, Jacob J, Nicholson AG, Rassl DM, Sargur RB, Savic S, Seneviratne SL, Sheaff M, Vaitla PM, Walters GI, Whitehouse JL, Wright PA, Condliffe AM
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017 Jul-Aug;5(4):938-945. Epub 2017 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.021. PMID: 28351785

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Thakar MS, Logan BR, Puck JM, Dunn EA, Buckley RH, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Pai SY, Heimall J, Chandra S, Ebens CL, Chellapandian D, Williams O, Burroughs LM, Saldana BD, Rayes A, Madden LM, Chandrakasan S, Bednarski JJ 2nd, DeSantes KB, Cuvelier GDE, Teira P, Gillio AP, Eissa H, Knutsen AP, Goldman FD, Aquino VM, Shereck EB, Moore TB, Caywood EH, Lugt MTV, Rozmus J, Broglie L, Yu LC, Shah AJ, Andolina JR, Liu X, Parrott RE, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez CA, Kapadia M, Jyonouchi SC, Sullivan KE, Bleesing JJ, Chaudhury S, Petrovic A, Keller MD, Quigg TC, Parikh S, Shenoy S, Seroogy C, Rubin T, Decaluwe H, Routes JM, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pulsipher MA, Kohn DB, Griffith LM, Haddad E, Dvorak CC, Notarangelo LD
Lancet 2023 Jul 8;402(10396):129-140. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00731-6. PMID: 37352885Free PMC Article
Oertel FC, Sotirchos ES, Zimmermann HG, Motamedi S, Specovius S, Asseyer ES, Chien C, Cook L, Vasileiou E, Filippatou A, Calabresi PA, Saidha S, Pandit L, D'Cunha A, Outteryck O, Zéphir H, Pittock S, Flanagan EP, Bhatti MT, Rommer PS, Bsteh G, Zrzavy T, Kuempfel T, Aktas O, Ringelstein M, Albrecht P, Ayzenberg I, Pakeerathan T, Knier B, Aly L, Asgari N, Soelberg K, Marignier R, Tilikete CF, Cobo Calvo A, Villoslada P, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Llufriu S, Green AJ, Yeaman MR, Smith TJ, Brandt AU, Chen J, Paul F, Havla J; with the GJCF International Clinical Consortium for NMOSD and the CROCTINO study group
Ann Neurol 2022 Sep;92(3):476-485. Epub 2022 Jul 16 doi: 10.1002/ana.26440. PMID: 35703428
Milota T, Strizova Z, Smetanova J, Sediva A
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Dec 1;21(6):545-552. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000788. PMID: 34545040
Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L
AIDS Res Ther 2021 Apr 27;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1. PMID: 33906698Free PMC Article
van Os NJH, Jansen AFM, van Deuren M, Haraldsson A, van Driel NTM, Etzioni A, van der Flier M, Haaxma CA, Morio T, Rawat A, Schoenaker MHD, Soresina A, Taylor AMR, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP
Clin Immunol 2017 May;178:45-55. Epub 2017 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.009. PMID: 28126470

Diagnosis

Thakar MS, Logan BR, Puck JM, Dunn EA, Buckley RH, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Pai SY, Heimall J, Chandra S, Ebens CL, Chellapandian D, Williams O, Burroughs LM, Saldana BD, Rayes A, Madden LM, Chandrakasan S, Bednarski JJ 2nd, DeSantes KB, Cuvelier GDE, Teira P, Gillio AP, Eissa H, Knutsen AP, Goldman FD, Aquino VM, Shereck EB, Moore TB, Caywood EH, Lugt MTV, Rozmus J, Broglie L, Yu LC, Shah AJ, Andolina JR, Liu X, Parrott RE, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez CA, Kapadia M, Jyonouchi SC, Sullivan KE, Bleesing JJ, Chaudhury S, Petrovic A, Keller MD, Quigg TC, Parikh S, Shenoy S, Seroogy C, Rubin T, Decaluwe H, Routes JM, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pulsipher MA, Kohn DB, Griffith LM, Haddad E, Dvorak CC, Notarangelo LD
Lancet 2023 Jul 8;402(10396):129-140. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00731-6. PMID: 37352885Free PMC Article
Hernandez-Trujillo V, Zhou C, Scalchunes C, Ochs HD, Sullivan KE, Cunningham-Rundles C, Fuleihan RL, Bonilla FA, Petrovic A, Rawlings DJ, de la Morena MT
J Clin Immunol 2023 Aug;43(6):1468-1477. Epub 2023 May 23 doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01502-x. PMID: 37219739Free PMC Article
Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L
AIDS Res Ther 2021 Apr 27;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1. PMID: 33906698Free PMC Article
Hurst JR, Verma N, Lowe D, Baxendale HE, Jolles S, Kelleher P, Longhurst HJ, Patel SY, Renzoni EA, Sander CR, Avery GR, Babar JL, Buckland MS, Burns S, Egner W, Gompels MM, Gordins P, Haddock JA, Hart SP, Hayman GR, Herriot R, Hoyles RK, Huissoon AP, Jacob J, Nicholson AG, Rassl DM, Sargur RB, Savic S, Seneviratne SL, Sheaff M, Vaitla PM, Walters GI, Whitehouse JL, Wright PA, Condliffe AM
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017 Jul-Aug;5(4):938-945. Epub 2017 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.021. PMID: 28351785
van Os NJH, Jansen AFM, van Deuren M, Haraldsson A, van Driel NTM, Etzioni A, van der Flier M, Haaxma CA, Morio T, Rawat A, Schoenaker MHD, Soresina A, Taylor AMR, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP
Clin Immunol 2017 May;178:45-55. Epub 2017 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.009. PMID: 28126470

Therapy

Pasqualotto AC, Lana DD, Godoy CSM, Leitão TDMJS, Bay MB, Damasceno LS, Soares RBA, Kist R, Silva LR, Wiltgen D, Melo M, Guimarães TF, Guimarães MR, Vechi HT, de Mesquita JRL, Monteiro GRG, Adenis A, Bahr NC, Spec A, Boulware DR, Israelski D, Chiller T, Falci DR
Clin Infect Dis 2023 Oct 13;77(8):1126-1132. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad313. PMID: 37232940Free PMC Article
Milota T, Strizova Z, Smetanova J, Sediva A
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Dec 1;21(6):545-552. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000788. PMID: 34545040
Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L
AIDS Res Ther 2021 Apr 27;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1. PMID: 33906698Free PMC Article
Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole SV, Chariyalertsak S, Santos BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Cottle L, Zhang XC, Makhema J, Mills LA, Panchia R, Faesen S, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, Swindells S, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, Nielsen-Saines K, Celentano DD, Essex M, Hudelson SE, Redd AD, Fleming TR; HPTN 052 Study Team
N Engl J Med 2016 Sep 1;375(9):830-9. Epub 2016 Jul 18 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600693. PMID: 27424812Free PMC Article
Probst C, Parry CD, Rehm J
Trop Med Int Health 2016 Jul;21(7):846-55. Epub 2016 May 18 doi: 10.1111/tmi.12712. PMID: 27118253

Prognosis

Cinicola B, Pulvirenti F, Brindisi G, Marseglia GL, Castagnoli R, Foiadelli T, Caffarelli C, Licari A, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Zicari AM, Duse M, Cardinale F
Acta Biomed 2021 Nov 29;92(S7):e2021520. doi: 10.23750/abm.v92iS7.12406. PMID: 34842590Free PMC Article
Shah ASV, Stelzle D, Lee KK, Beck EJ, Alam S, Clifford S, Longenecker CT, Strachan F, Bagchi S, Whiteley W, Rajagopalan S, Kottilil S, Nair H, Newby DE, McAllister DA, Mills NL
Circulation 2018 Sep 11;138(11):1100-1112. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369. PMID: 29967196Free PMC Article
van Os NJH, Jansen AFM, van Deuren M, Haraldsson A, van Driel NTM, Etzioni A, van der Flier M, Haaxma CA, Morio T, Rawat A, Schoenaker MHD, Soresina A, Taylor AMR, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP
Clin Immunol 2017 May;178:45-55. Epub 2017 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.009. PMID: 28126470
Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole SV, Chariyalertsak S, Santos BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Cottle L, Zhang XC, Makhema J, Mills LA, Panchia R, Faesen S, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, Swindells S, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, Nielsen-Saines K, Celentano DD, Essex M, Hudelson SE, Redd AD, Fleming TR; HPTN 052 Study Team
N Engl J Med 2016 Sep 1;375(9):830-9. Epub 2016 Jul 18 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600693. PMID: 27424812Free PMC Article
Lohiya GS, Tan-Figueroa L, Lohiya S, Lohiya S
J Natl Med Assoc 2013 Spring;105(1):92-5. doi: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30090-0. PMID: 23862301

Clinical prediction guides

Milic J, Renzetti S, Morini D, Motta F, Carli F, Menozzi M, Cuomo G, Mancini G, Simion M, Romani F, Spadoni A, Baldisserotto I, Barp N, Diazzi C, Mussi C, Mussini C, Rochira V, Calza S, Guaraldi G
Viruses 2023 Dec 1;15(12) doi: 10.3390/v15122375. PMID: 38140615Free PMC Article
Zhao Q, Li NN, Chen YX, Zhao XY
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1107237. Epub 2023 May 26 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1107237. PMID: 37305416Free PMC Article
Milota T, Strizova Z, Smetanova J, Sediva A
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Dec 1;21(6):545-552. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000788. PMID: 34545040
Hurst JR, Verma N, Lowe D, Baxendale HE, Jolles S, Kelleher P, Longhurst HJ, Patel SY, Renzoni EA, Sander CR, Avery GR, Babar JL, Buckland MS, Burns S, Egner W, Gompels MM, Gordins P, Haddock JA, Hart SP, Hayman GR, Herriot R, Hoyles RK, Huissoon AP, Jacob J, Nicholson AG, Rassl DM, Sargur RB, Savic S, Seneviratne SL, Sheaff M, Vaitla PM, Walters GI, Whitehouse JL, Wright PA, Condliffe AM
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017 Jul-Aug;5(4):938-945. Epub 2017 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.021. PMID: 28351785
Probst C, Parry CD, Rehm J
Trop Med Int Health 2016 Jul;21(7):846-55. Epub 2016 May 18 doi: 10.1111/tmi.12712. PMID: 27118253

Recent systematic reviews

Wang W, Zhao S, Wu Y, Duan W, Li S, Li Z, Guo C, Wang W, Zhang T, Wu H, Huang X
JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023 Jul 27;9:e46767. doi: 10.2196/46767. PMID: 37498645Free PMC Article
O Murchu E, Marshall L, Teljeur C, Harrington P, Hayes C, Moran P, Ryan M
BMJ Open 2022 May 11;12(5):e048478. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048478. PMID: 35545381Free PMC Article
Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L
AIDS Res Ther 2021 Apr 27;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1. PMID: 33906698Free PMC Article
Shah ASV, Stelzle D, Lee KK, Beck EJ, Alam S, Clifford S, Longenecker CT, Strachan F, Bagchi S, Whiteley W, Rajagopalan S, Kottilil S, Nair H, Newby DE, McAllister DA, Mills NL
Circulation 2018 Sep 11;138(11):1100-1112. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369. PMID: 29967196Free PMC Article
Prasad K, Singh MB, Ryan H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Apr 28;4(4):CD002244. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002244.pub4. PMID: 27121755Free PMC Article

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