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Galloway-Mowat syndrome 10(GAMOS10)

MedGen UID:
1794230
Concept ID:
C5562020
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: GALLOWAY-MOWAT SYNDROME 10; GAMOS10
 
Gene (location): YRDC (1p34.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0030476
OMIM®: 619609

Definition

Galloway-Mowat syndrome-10 (GAMOS10) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset of symptoms soon after birth. Affected individuals have progressive renal dysfunction with proteinuria associated with diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) on renal biopsy. Other features include global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypothyroidism, arachnodactyly, and dysmorphic facial features. Some patients may have seizures or abnormalities on brain imaging. All reported patients have died in infancy (summary by Arrondel et al., 2019 and Schmidt et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Proteinuria
MedGen UID:
10976
Concept ID:
C0033687
Finding
Increased levels of protein in the urine.
Diffuse mesangial sclerosis
MedGen UID:
78698
Concept ID:
C0268747
Disease or Syndrome
Diffuse sclerosis of the mesangium, as manifestated by diffuse mesangial matrix expansion.
Stage 5 chronic kidney disease
MedGen UID:
384526
Concept ID:
C2316810
Disease or Syndrome
A degree of kidney failure severe enough to require dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival characterized by a severe reduction in glomerular filtration rate (less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) and other manifestations including increased serum creatinine.
Podocyte foot process effacement
MedGen UID:
481733
Concept ID:
C3280103
Finding
An anomaly of podocyte morphology characterized by the loss of the interdigitating foot process pattern (generally called foot process effacement; FPE). The term FPE designates the loss of the usual interdigitating pattern of foot processes of neighboring podocytes, leading to relatively broad expanses of podocyte processes covering the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). It is widely viewed as a pathological derangement that is associated with leakage of macromolecules such as albumin through the glomerular filtration barrier.
Arachnodactyly
MedGen UID:
2047
Concept ID:
C0003706
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally long and slender fingers (spider fingers).
Myoclonus
MedGen UID:
10234
Concept ID:
C0027066
Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Simplified gyral pattern
MedGen UID:
413664
Concept ID:
C2749675
Finding
An abnormality of the cerebral cortex with fewer gyri but with normal cortical thickness. This pattern is usually often associated with congenital microcephaly.
Delayed CNS myelination
MedGen UID:
867393
Concept ID:
C4021758
Anatomical Abnormality
Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Secondary microcephaly
MedGen UID:
608952
Concept ID:
C0431352
Finding
Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth.
Primary microcephaly
MedGen UID:
383046
Concept ID:
C2677180
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender at birth.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Congenital hypothyroidism
MedGen UID:
41344
Concept ID:
C0010308
Disease or Syndrome
Congenital hypothyroidism is a partial or complete loss of function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) that affects infants from birth (congenital). The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped tissue in the lower neck. It makes iodine-containing hormones that play an important role in regulating growth, brain development, and the rate of chemical reactions in the body (metabolism). People with congenital hypothyroidism have lower-than-normal levels of these important hormones.\n\nSigns and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism result from the shortage of thyroid hormones. Affected babies may show no features of the condition, although some babies with congenital hypothyroidism are less active and sleep more than normal. They may have difficulty feeding and experience constipation. If untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disability and slow growth. In the United States and many other countries, all hospitals test newborns for congenital hypothyroidism. If treatment begins in the first two weeks after birth, infants usually develop normally.\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly. In 80 to 85 percent of cases, the thyroid gland is absent, severely reduced in size (hypoplastic), or abnormally located. These cases are classified as thyroid dysgenesis. In the remainder of cases, a normal-sized or enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) is present, but production of thyroid hormones is decreased or absent. Most of these cases occur when one of several steps in the hormone synthesis process is impaired; these cases are classified as thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Less commonly, reduction or absence of thyroid hormone production is caused by impaired stimulation of the production process (which is normally done by a structure at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland), even though the process itself is unimpaired. These cases are classified as central (or pituitary) hypothyroidism.\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism can also occur as part of syndromes that affect other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. Some common forms of syndromic hypothyroidism include Pendred syndrome, Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome, and brain-lung-thyroid syndrome.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Braun DA, Rao J, Mollet G, Schapiro D, Daugeron MC, Tan W, Gribouval O, Boyer O, Revy P, Jobst-Schwan T, Schmidt JM, Lawson JA, Schanze D, Ashraf S, Ullmann JFP, Hoogstraten CA, Boddaert N, Collinet B, Martin G, Liger D, Lovric S, Furlano M, Guerrera IC, Sanchez-Ferras O, Hu JF, Boschat AC, Sanquer S, Menten B, Vergult S, De Rocker N, Airik M, Hermle T, Shril S, Widmeier E, Gee HY, Choi WI, Sadowski CE, Pabst WL, Warejko JK, Daga A, Basta T, Matejas V, Scharmann K, Kienast SD, Behnam B, Beeson B, Begtrup A, Bruce M, Ch'ng GS, Lin SP, Chang JH, Chen CH, Cho MT, Gaffney PM, Gipson PE, Hsu CH, Kari JA, Ke YY, Kiraly-Borri C, Lai WM, Lemyre E, Littlejohn RO, Masri A, Moghtaderi M, Nakamura K, Ozaltin F, Praet M, Prasad C, Prytula A, Roeder ER, Rump P, Schnur RE, Shiihara T, Sinha MD, Soliman NA, Soulami K, Sweetser DA, Tsai WH, Tsai JD, Topaloglu R, Vester U, Viskochil DH, Vatanavicharn N, Waxler JL, Wierenga KJ, Wolf MTF, Wong SN, Leidel SA, Truglio G, Dedon PC, Poduri A, Mane S, Lifton RP, Bouchard M, Kannu P, Chitayat D, Magen D, Callewaert B, van Tilbeurgh H, Zenker M, Antignac C, Hildebrandt F
Nat Genet 2017 Oct;49(10):1529-1538. Epub 2017 Aug 14 doi: 10.1038/ng.3933. PMID: 28805828Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Sinha R, Vasudevan A, Agarwal I, Sethi SK, Saha A, Pradhan S, Ekambaram S, Thaker N, Matnani M, Banerjee S, Sharma J, Singhal J, Ashraf S, Mandal K
Nephron 2020;144(1):21-29. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1159/000503303. PMID: 31655822
Vodopiutz J, Seidl R, Prayer D, Khan MI, Mayr JA, Streubel B, Steiß JO, Hahn A, Csaicsich D, Castro C, Assoum M, Müller T, Wieczorek D, Mancini GM, Sadowski CE, Lévy N, Mégarbané A, Godbole K, Schanze D, Hildebrandt F, Delague V, Janecke AR, Zenker M
Hum Mutat 2015 Nov;36(11):1021-8. Epub 2015 Aug 6 doi: 10.1002/humu.22828. PMID: 26123727Free PMC Article
Dietrich A, Matejas V, Bitzan M, Hashmi S, Kiraly-Borri C, Lin SP, Mildenberger E, Hoppe B, Palm L, Shiihara T, Steiss JO, Tsai JD, Vester U, Weber S, Wühl E, Zepf K, Zenker M
Pediatr Nephrol 2008 Oct;23(10):1779-86. Epub 2008 Jul 2 doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-0880-4. PMID: 18594871
de Vries BB, van'tHoff WG, Surtees RA, Winter RM
Clin Dysmorphol 2001 Apr;10(2):115-21. doi: 10.1097/00019605-200104000-00008. PMID: 11310991

Diagnosis

Racine J, Golden R
Doc Ophthalmol 2021 Aug;143(1):75-83. Epub 2021 Feb 6 doi: 10.1007/s10633-021-09820-4. PMID: 33548032
Sinha R, Vasudevan A, Agarwal I, Sethi SK, Saha A, Pradhan S, Ekambaram S, Thaker N, Matnani M, Banerjee S, Sharma J, Singhal J, Ashraf S, Mandal K
Nephron 2020;144(1):21-29. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1159/000503303. PMID: 31655822
Vodopiutz J, Seidl R, Prayer D, Khan MI, Mayr JA, Streubel B, Steiß JO, Hahn A, Csaicsich D, Castro C, Assoum M, Müller T, Wieczorek D, Mancini GM, Sadowski CE, Lévy N, Mégarbané A, Godbole K, Schanze D, Hildebrandt F, Delague V, Janecke AR, Zenker M
Hum Mutat 2015 Nov;36(11):1021-8. Epub 2015 Aug 6 doi: 10.1002/humu.22828. PMID: 26123727Free PMC Article
de Vries BB, van'tHoff WG, Surtees RA, Winter RM
Clin Dysmorphol 2001 Apr;10(2):115-21. doi: 10.1097/00019605-200104000-00008. PMID: 11310991

Prognosis

de Vries BB, van'tHoff WG, Surtees RA, Winter RM
Clin Dysmorphol 2001 Apr;10(2):115-21. doi: 10.1097/00019605-200104000-00008. PMID: 11310991

Clinical prediction guides

Treimer E, Niedermayer K, Schumann S, Zenker M, Schmeisser MJ, Kühl SJ
Gene Expr Patterns 2021 Dec;42:119215. Epub 2021 Oct 4 doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119215. PMID: 34619372

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