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Hypotaurinemic retinal degeneration and cardiomyopathy(HTRDC)

MedGen UID:
1779589
Concept ID:
C5542181
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Hypertaurinuric cardiomyopathy
 
Gene (location): SLC6A6 (3p25.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007777
OMIM®: 145350

Definition

Hypotaurinemic retinal degeneration and cardiomyopathy (HTRDC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by low plasma taurine, childhood-onset progressive retinal degeneration, and cardiomyopathy (Ansar et al., 2020). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Primary dilated cardiomyopathy
MedGen UID:
2880
Concept ID:
C0007193
Disease or Syndrome
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetic form of heart disease. It occurs when heart (cardiac) muscle becomes thin and weakened in at least one chamber of the heart, causing the open area of the chamber to become enlarged (dilated). As a result, the heart is unable to pump blood as efficiently as usual. To compensate, the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart, leading to further thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle. Over time, this condition results in heart failure.\n\nIt usually takes many years for symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy to cause health problems. They typically begin in mid-adulthood, but can occur at any time from infancy to late adulthood. Signs and symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy can include an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), shortness of breath (dyspnea), extreme tiredness (fatigue), fainting episodes (syncope), and swelling of the legs and feet. In some cases, the first sign of the disorder is sudden cardiac death. The severity of the condition varies among affected individuals, even in members of the same family.
Mitral valve prolapse
MedGen UID:
7671
Concept ID:
C0026267
Disease or Syndrome
One or both of the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve bulges back into the left atrium upon contraction of the left ventricle.
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
MedGen UID:
226908
Concept ID:
C1277187
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormality of left ventricular contraction, often defined operationally as an ejection fraction of less than 40 percent.
Hypotaurinemia
MedGen UID:
1702617
Concept ID:
C5139567
Finding
A decreased amount of taurine in the blood.
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Peripheral visual field loss
MedGen UID:
116124
Concept ID:
C0241688
Finding
Loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.
Macular atrophy
MedGen UID:
140841
Concept ID:
C0423421
Finding
Well-demarcated area(s) of partial or complete depigmentation in the macula, reflecting atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium with associated retinal photoreceptor loss.
Hyperopia, high
MedGen UID:
341009
Concept ID:
C1855925
Finding
A severe form of hypermetropia with over +5.00 diopters.
Retinal pigment epithelial mottling
MedGen UID:
347513
Concept ID:
C1857644
Finding
Mottling (spots or blotches with different shades) of the retinal pigment epithelium, i.e., localized or generalized fundal pigment granularity associated with processes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Attenuation of retinal blood vessels
MedGen UID:
480605
Concept ID:
C3278975
Finding
Retinal thinning
MedGen UID:
762617
Concept ID:
C3549703
Finding
Reduced anteroposterior thickness of the retina. This phenotype can be appreciated by retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Peripheral retinal atrophy
MedGen UID:
765930
Concept ID:
C3553016
Finding
Photoreceptor layer loss on macular OCT
MedGen UID:
892581
Concept ID:
C4073079
Finding
Loss of the outer nuclear layer (photoreceptor layer) as assessed by ocular coherence tomography.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Kandeeban S, Kandale K, Periyasamy P, Bhende M, Bhende P, Sinnakaruppan M, Sarangapani S
Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Jul;70(7):2578-2583. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1833_21. PMID: 35791160Free PMC Article
Shaffer LG
Hum Genet 2019 May;138(5):437-440. Epub 2019 May 5 doi: 10.1007/s00439-019-02025-5. PMID: 31056728
Karaa A, Goldstein A
Pediatr Diabetes 2015 Feb;16(1):1-9. Epub 2014 Oct 20 doi: 10.1111/pedi.12223. PMID: 25330715

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Enyong EN, Gurley JM, De Ieso ML, Stamer WD, Elliott MH
Prog Retin Eye Res 2022 Nov;91:101094. Epub 2022 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101094. PMID: 35729002Free PMC Article
Alves CAPF, Gonçalves FG, Grieb D, Lucato LT, Goldstein AC, Zuccoli G
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018 Aug;27(4):219-240. doi: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000173. PMID: 30086109
Emma F, Salviati L
Nephrol Ther 2017 Apr;13 Suppl 1:S23-S28. doi: 10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.014. PMID: 28577739
Karaa A, Goldstein A
Pediatr Diabetes 2015 Feb;16(1):1-9. Epub 2014 Oct 20 doi: 10.1111/pedi.12223. PMID: 25330715
Dominic EA, Ramezani A, Anker SD, Verma M, Mehta N, Rao M
Heart 2014 Apr;100(8):611-8. Epub 2014 Jan 21 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304657. PMID: 24449718

Diagnosis

Yoshimi A, Ishikawa K, Niemeyer C, Grünert SC
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 Oct 17;17(1):379. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02538-9. PMID: 36253820Free PMC Article
Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T
Adv Exp Med Biol 2018;1085:179-180. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95046-4_35. PMID: 30578508
Alves CAPF, Gonçalves FG, Grieb D, Lucato LT, Goldstein AC, Zuccoli G
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018 Aug;27(4):219-240. doi: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000173. PMID: 30086109
El-Hattab AW, Scaglia F
Cell Calcium 2016 Sep;60(3):199-206. Epub 2016 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.003. PMID: 26996063
Karaa A, Goldstein A
Pediatr Diabetes 2015 Feb;16(1):1-9. Epub 2014 Oct 20 doi: 10.1111/pedi.12223. PMID: 25330715

Therapy

Yang YP, Hsiao YJ, Chang KJ, Foustine S, Ko YL, Tsai YC, Tai HY, Ko YC, Chiou SH, Lin TC, Chen SJ, Chien Y, Hwang DK
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Nov 9;23(22) doi: 10.3390/ijms232213794. PMID: 36430270Free PMC Article
Seidel U, Huebbe P, Rimbach G
Mol Nutr Food Res 2019 Aug;63(16):e1800569. Epub 2018 Oct 7 doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800569. PMID: 30211983
Quintos JB, Hodax JK, Gonzales-Ellis BA, Phornphutkul C, Wajnrajch MP, Boney CM
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016 Nov 1;29(11):1319-1324. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0172. PMID: 27718492
Tylki-Szymańska A
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014 Sep;12 Suppl 1:107-13. PMID: 25345092
Birdsall TC
Altern Med Rev 1998 Apr;3(2):128-36. PMID: 9577248

Prognosis

Rodden LN, McIntyre K, Keita M, Wells M, Park C, Profeta V, Waldman A, Rummey C, Balcer LJ, Lynch DR
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023 Aug;10(8):1397-1406. Epub 2023 Jun 19 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51830. PMID: 37334854Free PMC Article
Yoshimi A, Ishikawa K, Niemeyer C, Grünert SC
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 Oct 17;17(1):379. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02538-9. PMID: 36253820Free PMC Article
Brown DA, Perry JB, Allen ME, Sabbah HN, Stauffer BL, Shaikh SR, Cleland JG, Colucci WS, Butler J, Voors AA, Anker SD, Pitt B, Pieske B, Filippatos G, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M
Nat Rev Cardiol 2017 Apr;14(4):238-250. Epub 2016 Dec 22 doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.203. PMID: 28004807Free PMC Article
El-Hattab AW, Scaglia F
Cell Calcium 2016 Sep;60(3):199-206. Epub 2016 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.003. PMID: 26996063
Tylki-Szymańska A
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014 Sep;12 Suppl 1:107-13. PMID: 25345092

Clinical prediction guides

Viering DHHM, Vermeltfoort L, Bindels RJM, Deinum J, de Baaij JHF
J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 Nov 1;34(11):1875-1888. Epub 2023 Sep 6 doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000224. PMID: 37678265Free PMC Article
Rodden LN, McIntyre K, Keita M, Wells M, Park C, Profeta V, Waldman A, Rummey C, Balcer LJ, Lynch DR
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023 Aug;10(8):1397-1406. Epub 2023 Jun 19 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51830. PMID: 37334854Free PMC Article
Seidel U, Huebbe P, Rimbach G
Mol Nutr Food Res 2019 Aug;63(16):e1800569. Epub 2018 Oct 7 doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800569. PMID: 30211983
Tylki-Szymańska A
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014 Sep;12 Suppl 1:107-13. PMID: 25345092
Dominic EA, Ramezani A, Anker SD, Verma M, Mehta N, Rao M
Heart 2014 Apr;100(8):611-8. Epub 2014 Jan 21 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304657. PMID: 24449718

Recent systematic reviews

Viering DHHM, Vermeltfoort L, Bindels RJM, Deinum J, de Baaij JHF
J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 Nov 1;34(11):1875-1888. Epub 2023 Sep 6 doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000224. PMID: 37678265Free PMC Article
Imamura T, Sumitomo N, Muraji S, Mori H, Osada Y, Oyanagi T, Kojima T, Yoshiba S, Kobayashi T, Ono K
Int J Cardiol 2019 Mar 15;279:105-111. Epub 2018 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.064. PMID: 30642644
Xie J, Ikram MK, Cotch MF, Klein B, Varma R, Shaw JE, Klein R, Mitchell P, Lamoureux EL, Wong TY
JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 Jun 1;135(6):586-593. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.0988. PMID: 28472362Free PMC Article
Kabunga P, Lau AK, Phan K, Puranik R, Liang C, Davis RL, Sue CM, Sy RW
Int J Cardiol 2015 Feb 15;181:303-10. Epub 2014 Dec 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.038. PMID: 25540845

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