From HPO
Cryptorchidism- MedGen UID:
- 8192
- •Concept ID:
- C0010417
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Hypospadias- MedGen UID:
- 163083
- •Concept ID:
- C0848558
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum.
Syndactyly- MedGen UID:
- 52619
- •Concept ID:
- C0039075
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Webbing or fusion of the fingers or toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as "bony" syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the fingers or toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as "symphalangism".
Single transverse palmar crease- MedGen UID:
- 96108
- •Concept ID:
- C0424731
- •
- Finding
The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease.
Broad thumb- MedGen UID:
- 140880
- •Concept ID:
- C0426891
- •
- Finding
Increased thumb width without increased dorso-ventral dimension.
Radial deviation of finger- MedGen UID:
- 322852
- •Concept ID:
- C1836189
- •
- Finding
Bending or curvature of a finger toward the radial side (i.e., towards the thumb). The deviation is at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, and this finding is distinct from clinodactyly.
Broad hallux- MedGen UID:
- 401165
- •Concept ID:
- C1867131
- •
- Finding
Visible increase in width of the hallux without an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension.
Split hand- MedGen UID:
- 397570
- •Concept ID:
- C2699510
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A condition in which middle parts of the hand (fingers and metacarpals) are missing giving a cleft appearance. The severity is very variable ranging from slightly hypoplastic middle fingers over absent middle fingers as far as oligo- or monodactyl hands.
Clinodactyly- MedGen UID:
- 1644094
- •Concept ID:
- C4551485
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe).
Abnormal heart morphology- MedGen UID:
- 6748
- •Concept ID:
- C0018798
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Any structural anomaly of the heart.
Short stature- MedGen UID:
- 87607
- •Concept ID:
- C0349588
- •
- Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Anal atresia- MedGen UID:
- 1997
- •Concept ID:
- C0003466
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract.
Constipation- MedGen UID:
- 1101
- •Concept ID:
- C0009806
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
Intestinal malrotation- MedGen UID:
- 113153
- •Concept ID:
- C0221210
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis.
Anal stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 82644
- •Concept ID:
- C0262374
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Abnormal narrowing of the anal opening.
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 196010
- •Concept ID:
- C0700639
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Pyloric stenosis, also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is an uncommon condition in infants characterized by abnormal thickening of the pylorus muscles in the stomach leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Clinically infants are well at birth. Then, at 3 to 6 weeks of age, the infants present with projectile vomiting, potentially leading to dehydration and weight loss.
Anteriorly placed anus- MedGen UID:
- 333160
- •Concept ID:
- C1838705
- •
- Finding
Anterior malposition of the anus.
Sensorineural hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 9164
- •Concept ID:
- C0018784
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Simple ear- MedGen UID:
- 140913
- •Concept ID:
- C0431483
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The pinna has fewer folds and grooves than usual.
Microtia, first degree- MedGen UID:
- 866821
- •Concept ID:
- C4021175
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Presence of all the normal ear components and the median longitudinal length more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Hydrocephalus- MedGen UID:
- 9335
- •Concept ID:
- C0020255
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.
Spasticity- MedGen UID:
- 7753
- •Concept ID:
- C0026838
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Seizure- MedGen UID:
- 20693
- •Concept ID:
- C0036572
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Abnormally high-pitched voice- MedGen UID:
- 66836
- •Concept ID:
- C0241703
- •
- Finding
A persistent (minutes to hours) abnormal increase in the pitch (frequency) of the voice for the context or social situation or significantly different from baseline of the individual.
Gray matter heterotopia- MedGen UID:
- 452349
- •Concept ID:
- C0266491
- •
- Finding
Heterotopia or neuronal heterotopia are macroscopic clusters of misplaced neurons (gray matter), most often situated along the ventricular walls or within the subcortical white matter.
Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum- MedGen UID:
- 98127
- •Concept ID:
- C0431368
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A partial failure of the development of the corpus callosum.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder- MedGen UID:
- 220387
- •Concept ID:
- C1263846
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood and is characterized by a short attention span (inattention), an inability to be calm and stay still (hyperactivity), and poor impulse control (impulsivity). Some people with ADHD have problems with only inattention or with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but most have problems related to all three features.\n\nIn people with ADHD, the characteristic behaviors are frequent and severe enough to interfere with the activities of daily living such as school, work, and relationships with others. Because of an inability to stay focused on tasks, people with inattention may be easily distracted, forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained attention, have difficulty organizing tasks, or frequently lose items.\n\nIn most affected individuals, ADHD continues throughout life, but in about one-third of individuals, signs and symptoms of ADHD go away by adulthood.\n\nHyperactivity is usually shown by frequent movement. Individuals with this feature often fidget or tap their foot when seated, leave their seat when it is inappropriate to do so (such as in the classroom), or talk a lot and interrupt others.\n\nImpulsivity can result in hasty actions without thought for the consequences. Individuals with poor impulse control may have difficulty waiting for their turn, deferring to others, or considering their actions before acting.\n\nMore than two-thirds of all individuals with ADHD have additional conditions, including insomnia, mood or anxiety disorders, learning disorders, or substance use disorders. Affected individuals may also have autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction, or Tourette syndrome, which is a disorder characterized by repetitive and involuntary movements or noises called tics.
Motor delay- MedGen UID:
- 381392
- •Concept ID:
- C1854301
- •
- Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Inguinal hernia- MedGen UID:
- 6817
- •Concept ID:
- C0019294
- •
- Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Umbilical hernia- MedGen UID:
- 9232
- •Concept ID:
- C0019322
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect.
Micrognathia- MedGen UID:
- 44428
- •Concept ID:
- C0025990
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Joint contracture of the hand- MedGen UID:
- 56382
- •Concept ID:
- C0158113
- •
- Finding
Contractures of one ore more joints of the hands meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.
Multiple joint contractures- MedGen UID:
- 57633
- •Concept ID:
- C0158118
- •
- Acquired Abnormality
Frontal bossing- MedGen UID:
- 67453
- •Concept ID:
- C0221354
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.
Plagiocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 78562
- •Concept ID:
- C0265529
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.
Camptodactyly- MedGen UID:
- 195780
- •Concept ID:
- C0685409
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.
Lumbar hyperlordosis- MedGen UID:
- 263149
- •Concept ID:
- C1184923
- •
- Finding
An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.
Relative macrocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 338607
- •Concept ID:
- C1849075
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A relatively mild degree of macrocephaly in which the head circumference is not above two standard deviations from the mean, but appears dysproportionately large when other factors such as body stature are taken into account.
Postnatal macrocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 340230
- •Concept ID:
- C1854417
- •
- Finding
The postnatal development of an abnormally large skull (macrocephaly).
Wide anterior fontanel- MedGen UID:
- 400926
- •Concept ID:
- C1866134
- •
- Finding
Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.
Neonatal hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 412209
- •Concept ID:
- C2267233
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.
Delayed closure of the anterior fontanelle- MedGen UID:
- 825928
- •Concept ID:
- C3840083
- •
- Finding
A delay in closure (ossification) of the anterior fontanelle, which generally undergoes closure around the 18th month of life.
Choanal atresia- MedGen UID:
- 3395
- •Concept ID:
- C0008297
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Absence or abnormal closure of the choana (the posterior nasal aperture). Most embryologists believe that posterior choanal atresia results from a failure of rupture between the 35th and 38th day of fetal life of the partition which separates the bucconasal or buccopharyngeal membranes. The resultant choanal atresia may be unilateral or bilateral, bony or membranous, complete or incomplete. In over 90 per cent of cases the obstruction is bony, while in the remainder it is membranous. The bony type of atresia is commonly located 1-2 mm. anterior to the posterior edge of the hard palate, and the osseous septum varies in thickness from 1 to 10 mm. In the membranous form of choanal atresia the obstruction usually occurs further posteriorly. In approximately one third of cases the atresia is bilateral.
Cleft upper lip- MedGen UID:
- 40327
- •Concept ID:
- C0008924
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development.
Wide mouth- MedGen UID:
- 44238
- •Concept ID:
- C0024433
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Dental crowding- MedGen UID:
- 11850
- •Concept ID:
- C0040433
- •
- Finding
Changes in alignment of teeth in the dental arch
Downslanted palpebral fissures- MedGen UID:
- 98391
- •Concept ID:
- C0423110
- •
- Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Prominent nose- MedGen UID:
- 98423
- •Concept ID:
- C0426415
- •
- Finding
Distance between subnasale and pronasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased anterior protrusion of the nasal tip.
Short neck- MedGen UID:
- 99267
- •Concept ID:
- C0521525
- •
- Finding
Diminished length of the neck.
Epicanthus- MedGen UID:
- 151862
- •Concept ID:
- C0678230
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Narrow palate- MedGen UID:
- 278045
- •Concept ID:
- C1398312
- •
- Finding
Width of the palate more than 2 SD below the mean (objective) or apparently decreased palatal width (subjective).
Prominent forehead- MedGen UID:
- 373291
- •Concept ID:
- C1837260
- •
- Finding
Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.
Thick lower lip vermilion- MedGen UID:
- 326567
- •Concept ID:
- C1839739
- •
- Finding
Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Long philtrum- MedGen UID:
- 351278
- •Concept ID:
- C1865014
- •
- Finding
Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.
Cleft palate- MedGen UID:
- 756015
- •Concept ID:
- C2981150
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Skin tags- MedGen UID:
- 11452
- •Concept ID:
- C0037293
- •
- Neoplastic Process
Cutaneous skin tags also known as acrochorda or fibroepithelial polyps are small benign tumors that may either form secondarily over time primarily in areas where the skin forms creases, such as the neck, armpit or groin or may also be present at birth, in which case they usually occur in the periauricular region.
Facial wrinkling- MedGen UID:
- 120462
- •Concept ID:
- C0262478
- •
- Finding
Excessive wrinkling of the skin of the face.
Fine hair- MedGen UID:
- 98401
- •Concept ID:
- C0423867
- •
- Finding
Hair that is fine or thin to the touch.
Sacral dimple- MedGen UID:
- 98428
- •Concept ID:
- C0426848
- •
- Finding
A cutaneous indentation resulting from tethering of the skin to underlying structures (bone) of the intergluteal cleft.
Frontal upsweep of hair- MedGen UID:
- 452910
- •Concept ID:
- C1185616
- •
- Finding
Upward and/or sideward growth of anterior hair.
Prominent fingertip pads- MedGen UID:
- 322758
- •Concept ID:
- C1835807
- •
- Finding
A soft tissue prominence of the ventral aspects of the fingertips. The term "persistent fetal fingertip pads" is often used as a synonym, but should better not be used because it implies knowledge of history of the patient which often does not exist.
Sparse hair- MedGen UID:
- 1790211
- •Concept ID:
- C5551005
- •
- Finding
Reduced density of hairs.
Hypertelorism- MedGen UID:
- 9373
- •Concept ID:
- C0020534
- •
- Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Strabismus- MedGen UID:
- 21337
- •Concept ID:
- C0038379
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the ear
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Growth abnormality