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Increased pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit level

MedGen UID:
1621465
•Concept ID:
C4531278
•
Finding
Synonyms: Increased pituitary glycoprotein alpha subunit level; Increased pituitary glycoprotein polypeptide alpha subunit level
 
HPO: HP:0031208

Definition

An increased concentration of circulating alpha polypeptide of glycoprotein hormones (NCBI Gene 1081). This alpha subunit is common to luteinizing hormone (LH) , follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) , thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which are glycoprotein hormones composed of an identical alpha subunit together with a beta subunit that confers biological specificity. The alpha subunit is used as a marker for tumors that produce these hormones. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVIncreased pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit level

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Free alpha-subunit is the most sensitive marker of gonadotropin recovery after treatment of central precocious puberty with the histrelin implant.
Hirsch HJ, Lahlou N, Gillis D, Strich D, Rosenberg-Hagen B, Chertin B, Farkas A, Hartman H, Spitz IM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 Jun;95(6):2841-4. Epub 2010 Mar 25 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2078. PMID: 20339028
Effects of a chronic treatment with octreotide in patients with functionless pituitary adenomas.
Merola B, Colao A, Ferone D, Selleri A, Di Sarno A, Marzullo P, Biondi B, Spaziante R, Rossi E, Lombardi G
Horm Res 1993;40(4):149-55. doi: 10.1159/000183785. PMID: 7507880

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The effects of insulin and liraglutide on osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification in vitro and in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Davenport C, Mahmood WA, Forde H, Ashley DT, Agha A, McDermott J, Sreenan S, Thompson CJ, McGrath F, McAdam B, Cummins PM, Smith D
Eur J Endocrinol 2015 Jul;173(1):53-61. doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-1137. PMID: 26036811
Exaggerated free alpha-subunit levels during pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone replacement in women with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Lavoie HB, Martin KA, Taylor E, Crowley WF, Hall JE
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jan;83(1):241-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem.83.1.4488. PMID: 9435449
Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit production in somatotroph adenomas with and without Gs alpha mutations.
Harris PE, Alexander JM, Bikkal HA, Hsu DW, Hedley-Whyte ET, Klibanski A, Jameson JL
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Sep;75(3):918-23. doi: 10.1210/jcem.75.3.1517386. PMID: 1517386
Somatostatin regulation of glycoprotein hormone and free subunit secretion in clinically nonfunctioning and somatotroph adenomas in vitro.
Klibanski A, Alexander JM, Bikkal HA, Hsu DW, Swearingen B, Zervas NT
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991 Dec;73(6):1248-55. doi: 10.1210/jcem-73-6-1248. PMID: 1720125
Secretion of alpha-subunit and intact gonadotropins after surgical and chemical castration.
Ceda GP, Denti L, Ceresini G, Cortellini P, Banchini A, Frattini A, Hoffman AR, Valenti G
Horm Metab Res 1990 Mar;22(3):179-82. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1004878. PMID: 1693131

Diagnosis

A CGA/EGFR/GATA2 positive feedback circuit confers chemoresistance in gastric cancer.
Cao T, Lu Y, Wang Q, Qin H, Li H, Guo H, Ge M, Glass SE, Singh B, Zhang W, Dong J, Du F, Qian A, Tian Y, Wang X, Li C, Wu K, Fan D, Nie Y, Coffey RJ, Zhao X
J Clin Invest 2022 Mar 15;132(6) doi: 10.1172/JCI154074. PMID: 35289315Free PMC Article
The configuration of the alpha and beta subunit domains in single-chain bovine LH analogs influences the secretion and steroidogenic response.
Grinberg M, Nakav S, Pen S, Dantes A, Braw-Tal R, Amsterdam A, Ben-Menahem D
Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008 Feb 13;283(1-2):83-95. Epub 2007 Nov 26 doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.11.019. PMID: 18179861
Chromogranin A and the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones in medullary thyroid carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma.
Guignat L, Bidart JM, Nocera M, Comoy E, Schlumberger M, Baudin E
Br J Cancer 2001 Mar 23;84(6):808-12. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1677. PMID: 11259096Free PMC Article
Pituitary glycoprotein hormone a-subunit secretion by cirrhotic patients.
Oliveira MC, Pizarro CB, Cassal A, Cremonese R, Vieira JG
Braz J Med Biol Res 1999 Jan;32(1):73-7. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x1999000100011. PMID: 10347772
Recognition of gonadotroph adenomas in women.
Daneshdoost L, Gennarelli TA, Bashey HM, Savino PJ, Sergott RC, Bosley TM, Snyder PJ
N Engl J Med 1991 Feb 28;324(9):589-94. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199102283240904. PMID: 1899470

Therapy

Exaggerated free alpha-subunit levels during pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone replacement in women with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Lavoie HB, Martin KA, Taylor E, Crowley WF, Hall JE
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jan;83(1):241-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem.83.1.4488. PMID: 9435449
Pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit secretion after thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in normal men and men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Winters SJ, Troen P
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990 Feb;70(2):544-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem-70-2-544. PMID: 1688869
Free alpha-subunit response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women with polycystic ovaries.
Rezai P, Scommegna A, Zbella EA, Lessing J, Brenner S, Weiss G, Benveniste R
Fertil Steril 1987 Feb;47(2):249-54. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)50000-4. PMID: 2434364
Follicle-stimulating hormone- and alpha-subunit-secreting pituitary tumor treated with bromocriptine.
Vance ML, Ridgway EC, Thorner MO
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985 Sep;61(3):580-4. doi: 10.1210/jcem-61-3-580. PMID: 2410444
Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit secretion in patients with pituitary adenomas: influence of TRH, LRH and bromocriptine.
MacFarlane IA, Beardwell CG, Shalet SM, Ainslie G, Rankin E
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1982 Apr;99(4):487-92. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0990487. PMID: 6803489

Prognosis

A CGA/EGFR/GATA2 positive feedback circuit confers chemoresistance in gastric cancer.
Cao T, Lu Y, Wang Q, Qin H, Li H, Guo H, Ge M, Glass SE, Singh B, Zhang W, Dong J, Du F, Qian A, Tian Y, Wang X, Li C, Wu K, Fan D, Nie Y, Coffey RJ, Zhao X
J Clin Invest 2022 Mar 15;132(6) doi: 10.1172/JCI154074. PMID: 35289315Free PMC Article
Chromogranin A and the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones in medullary thyroid carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma.
Guignat L, Bidart JM, Nocera M, Comoy E, Schlumberger M, Baudin E
Br J Cancer 2001 Mar 23;84(6):808-12. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1677. PMID: 11259096Free PMC Article
Gonadotropin and alpha-subunit responses to chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog administration in patients with glycoprotein hormone-secreting pituitary tumors.
Klibanski A, Jameson JL, Biller BM, Crowley WF Jr, Zervas NT, Rivier J, Vale WW, Bikkal H
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989 Jan;68(1):81-6. doi: 10.1210/jcem-68-1-81. PMID: 2535852
Luteinizing hormone-secreting pituitary tumor: biosynthetic characterization and clinical studies.
Klibanski A, Deutsch PJ, Jameson JL, Ridgway EC, Crowley WF, Hsu DW, Habener JF, Black PM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987 Mar;64(3):536-42. doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-3-536. PMID: 3102541
Differential regulation of hCG alpha and beta subunit mRNAs in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells by 8-bromo-cAMP.
Burnside J, Nagelberg SB, Lippman SS, Weintraub BD
J Biol Chem 1985 Oct 15;260(23):12705-9. PMID: 2413029

Clinical prediction guides

A CGA/EGFR/GATA2 positive feedback circuit confers chemoresistance in gastric cancer.
Cao T, Lu Y, Wang Q, Qin H, Li H, Guo H, Ge M, Glass SE, Singh B, Zhang W, Dong J, Du F, Qian A, Tian Y, Wang X, Li C, Wu K, Fan D, Nie Y, Coffey RJ, Zhao X
J Clin Invest 2022 Mar 15;132(6) doi: 10.1172/JCI154074. PMID: 35289315Free PMC Article
Inherited disorders of the gonadotropin hormones.
Jameson JL
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996 Dec 20;125(1-2):143-9. doi: 10.1016/s0303-7207(96)03950-0. PMID: 9027352
Increased luteinizing hormone and alpha-subunit secretion in women with hyperandrogenic anovulation.
Berga SL, Guzick DS, Winters SJ
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993 Oct;77(4):895-901. doi: 10.1210/jcem.77.4.7691863. PMID: 7691863
Modulation of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA replication by antimetabolites in HeLa cultures.
Cox GS, Park KH
Arch Biochem Biophys 1989 Jan;268(1):49-66. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90564-x. PMID: 2463791
Free alpha-subunit response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women with polycystic ovaries.
Rezai P, Scommegna A, Zbella EA, Lessing J, Brenner S, Weiss G, Benveniste R
Fertil Steril 1987 Feb;47(2):249-54. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)50000-4. PMID: 2434364

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