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Hypertelorism, microtia, facial clefting syndrome

MedGen UID:
113104
Concept ID:
C0220742
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Bixler Christian Gorlin syndrome; HMC syndrome
SNOMED CT: Hypertelorism with microtia and facial clefting syndrome (721836009); Bixler Christian Gorlin syndrome (721836009); HMC (hypertelorism, microtia, clefting) syndrome (721836009)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009404
OMIM®: 239800
Orphanet: ORPHA2213

Definition

A very rare syndrome with characteristics of the combination of hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate and microtia. Nine cases have been reported in the literature in seven families. Some patients have associated cardiac or renal congenital malformations. Short stature and intellectual deficiency are common. The reported cases support autosomal recessive inheritance. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Clinical features

From HPO
Ectopic kidney
MedGen UID:
68661
Concept ID:
C0238207
Congenital Abnormality
A developmental defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal anatomic position.
Short 5th finger
MedGen UID:
334269
Concept ID:
C1842878
Congenital Abnormality
Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the fifth finger, also known as the little finger.
Small thenar eminence
MedGen UID:
335432
Concept ID:
C1846474
Finding
Underdevelopment of the thenar eminence with reduced palmar soft tissue mass surrounding the base of the thumb.
2-3 toe syndactyly
MedGen UID:
1645640
Concept ID:
C4551570
Congenital Abnormality
Syndactyly with fusion of toes two and three.
Abnormal heart morphology
MedGen UID:
6748
Concept ID:
C0018798
Congenital Abnormality
Any structural anomaly of the heart.
Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology
MedGen UID:
892473
Concept ID:
C4049796
Anatomical Abnormality
Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels.
Conductive hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
9163
Concept ID:
C0018777
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound.
Microtia
MedGen UID:
57535
Concept ID:
C0152423
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the external ear.
Atresia of the external auditory canal
MedGen UID:
78613
Concept ID:
C0266597
Congenital Abnormality
Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Abnormal vertebral morphology
MedGen UID:
371742
Concept ID:
C1834129
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of one or more of the vertebrae.
Abnormality of the vertebral column
MedGen UID:
892426
Concept ID:
C4021789
Anatomical Abnormality
Any abnormality of the vertebral column.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Cleft upper lip
MedGen UID:
40327
Concept ID:
C0008924
Congenital Abnormality
A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development.
Narrow mouth
MedGen UID:
44435
Concept ID:
C0026034
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Bifid nose
MedGen UID:
66379
Concept ID:
C0221363
Congenital Abnormality
Visually assessable vertical indentation, cleft, or depression of the nasal bridge, ridge and tip.
Broad nasal tip
MedGen UID:
98424
Concept ID:
C0426429
Finding
Increase in width of the nasal tip.
Tessier cleft
MedGen UID:
146898
Concept ID:
C0685787
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital malformation with a cleft (gap or opening) in the face.
Cleft palate
MedGen UID:
756015
Concept ID:
C2981150
Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHypertelorism, microtia, facial clefting syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Hypertelorism, microtia, facial clefting syndrome in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Diagnosis

Guo C, Zhang T, Ma Y, Yue S, Sun L
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024 Jun 10;24(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06619-4. PMID: 38858685Free PMC Article
Gabbett MT, Robertson SP, Broadbent R, Aftimos S, Sachdev R, Nezarati MM
Clin Dysmorphol 2008 Apr;17(2):79-85. doi: 10.1097/MCD.0b013e3282f449c8. PMID: 18388775

Clinical prediction guides

Verloes A
Genet Couns 1994;5(3):283-7. PMID: 7811429

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