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Oral hairy leukoplakia

MedGen UID:
104797
•Concept ID:
C0206186
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Hairy Leukoplakia; Hairy Leukoplakia, Oral; Hairy Leukoplakias; Hairy Leukoplakias, Oral; Leukoplakia, Hairy; Leukoplakia, Hairy, Oral; Leukoplakia, Oral Hairy; Leukoplakias, Hairy; Leukoplakias, Oral Hairy; Oral Hairy Leukoplakia; Oral Hairy Leukoplakias
SNOMED CT: Oral hairy leukoplakia (414952002); OHL - Oral hairy leukoplakia (414952002)
 
HPO: HP:0025126
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000743

Definition

A corrugated white lesion of the oral mucosa that usually occurs on the lateral or ventral surfaces of the tongue and may have a shaggy or frayed appearance. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVOral hairy leukoplakia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Hairy Tongue: Differential Diagnosis by Use of Widefield Optical Fluorescence.
Andrade SA, Ribeiro MM, Pratavieira S, Bagnato VS, Varotti FP
Braz Dent J 2019 Mar-Apr;30(2):191-196. Epub 2019 Apr 4 doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201902270. PMID: 30970064
Oral manifestations in HIV-infected patients: diagnosis and management.
Itin PH, Lautenschlager S, Flückiger R, Rufli T
J Am Acad Dermatol 1993 Nov;29(5 Pt 1):749-60. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70241-k. PMID: 8227548
Oral hairy leukoplakia: diagnosis and management.
Greenspan JS, Greenspan D
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989 Apr;67(4):396-403. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(89)90381-2. PMID: 2542857

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Oral hairy leukoplakia: a series of 45 cases in immunocompetent patients.
Almazyad A, Alabdulaaly L, Noonan V, Woo SB
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021 Aug;132(2):210-216. Epub 2021 Mar 29 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.015. PMID: 34030995
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in Immunocompetent Patients Revisited with Literature Review.
Alramadhan SA, Bhattacharyya I, Cohen DM, Islam MN
Head Neck Pathol 2021 Sep;15(3):989-993. Epub 2021 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s12105-021-01287-8. PMID: 33428065Free PMC Article
Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30-plus years.
Greenspan JS, Greenspan D, Webster-Cyriaque J
Oral Dis 2016 Apr;22 Suppl 1:120-7. doi: 10.1111/odi.12393. PMID: 27109280
Black hairy tongue syndrome.
Gurvits GE, Tan A
World J Gastroenterol 2014 Aug 21;20(31):10845-50. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10845. PMID: 25152586Free PMC Article
Oral hairy leukoplakia.
Alessi E, Berti E, Cusini M, Zerboni R, Cavicchini S, Tomasini D, Muratori S
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jan;22(1):79-86. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70012-7. PMID: 2153716

Diagnosis

Physical Examination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.
Knight CL
Med Clin North Am 2022 May;106(3):527-536. Epub 2022 Apr 4 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.01.001. PMID: 35491072
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in Immunocompetent Patients Revisited with Literature Review.
Alramadhan SA, Bhattacharyya I, Cohen DM, Islam MN
Head Neck Pathol 2021 Sep;15(3):989-993. Epub 2021 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s12105-021-01287-8. PMID: 33428065Free PMC Article
Diseases of the tongue.
Mangold AR, Torgerson RR, Rogers RS 3rd
Clin Dermatol 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):458-69. Epub 2016 Mar 8 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.018. PMID: 27343960
Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30-plus years.
Greenspan JS, Greenspan D, Webster-Cyriaque J
Oral Dis 2016 Apr;22 Suppl 1:120-7. doi: 10.1111/odi.12393. PMID: 27109280
HIV-associated lesions.
Greenberg MS
Dermatol Clin 1996 Apr;14(2):319-26. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70359-4. PMID: 8725587

Therapy

Twenty-first-century oral hairy leukoplakia--a non-HIV-associated entity.
Chambers AE, Conn B, Pemberton M, Robinson M, Banks R, Sloan P
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015 Mar;119(3):326-32. Epub 2014 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.11.012. PMID: 25600979
Oral lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus disease.
Patton LL
Dent Clin North Am 2013 Oct;57(4):673-98. Epub 2013 Aug 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.07.005. PMID: 24034072
Periodontal disease in HIV/AIDS.
Ryder MI, Nittayananta W, Coogan M, Greenspan D, Greenspan JS
Periodontol 2000 2012 Oct;60(1):78-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00445.x. PMID: 22909108
Oral leukoplakia.
Sciubba JJ
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1995;6(2):147-60. doi: 10.1177/10454411950060020401. PMID: 7548621
Oral hairy leukoplakia: diagnosis and management.
Greenspan JS, Greenspan D
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989 Apr;67(4):396-403. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(89)90381-2. PMID: 2542857

Prognosis

EBV Association with Lymphomas and Carcinomas in the Oral Compartment.
Ward BJH, Schaal DL, Nkadi EH, Scott RS
Viruses 2022 Dec 1;14(12) doi: 10.3390/v14122700. PMID: 36560704Free PMC Article
Black hairy tongue syndrome.
Gurvits GE, Tan A
World J Gastroenterol 2014 Aug 21;20(31):10845-50. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10845. PMID: 25152586Free PMC Article
Epstein-Barr virus and skin manifestations in childhood.
Di Lernia V, Mansouri Y
Int J Dermatol 2013 Oct;52(10):1177-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05855.x. PMID: 24073903
Oral hairy leukoplakia.
Resnick L, Herbst JS, Raab-Traub N
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jun;22(6 Pt 2):1278-82. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70174-g. PMID: 2163409
Oral hairy leukoplakia.
Alessi E, Berti E, Cusini M, Zerboni R, Cavicchini S, Tomasini D, Muratori S
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jan;22(1):79-86. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70012-7. PMID: 2153716

Clinical prediction guides

EBV Association with Lymphomas and Carcinomas in the Oral Compartment.
Ward BJH, Schaal DL, Nkadi EH, Scott RS
Viruses 2022 Dec 1;14(12) doi: 10.3390/v14122700. PMID: 36560704Free PMC Article
Black hairy tongue syndrome.
Gurvits GE, Tan A
World J Gastroenterol 2014 Aug 21;20(31):10845-50. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10845. PMID: 25152586Free PMC Article
Epstein-Barr virus and skin manifestations in childhood.
Di Lernia V, Mansouri Y
Int J Dermatol 2013 Oct;52(10):1177-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05855.x. PMID: 24073903
Oral hairy leukoplakia.
Zunt SL, Tomich CE
J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990 Sep;16(9):812-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1990.tb01566.x. PMID: 2168906
Oral hairy leukoplakia.
Resnick L, Herbst JS, Raab-Traub N
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jun;22(6 Pt 2):1278-82. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70174-g. PMID: 2163409

Recent systematic reviews

Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
de Almeida VL, Lima IFP, Ziegelmann PK, Paranhos LR, de Matos FR
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017 Nov;46(11):1497-1504. Epub 2017 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.06.008. PMID: 28684301
Management of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients.
Baccaglini L, Atkinson JC, Patton LL, Glick M, Ficarra G, Peterson DE
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007 Mar;103 Suppl:S50.e1-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.002. PMID: 17379155

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