CD81 CD81 molecule [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CD81provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: CD81 moleculeprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:1701
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000110651 MIM:186845; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1701
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: S5.7; CVID6; TAPA1; TSPAN28
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. This protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance. Also it may be involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized in the tumor-suppressor gene region and thus it is a candidate gene for malignancies. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in endometrium (RPKM 241.8), fat (RPKM 237.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 11p15.5

Exon count:: 15

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	11	NC_000011.10 (2376180..2397397)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	11	NC_060935.1 (2465548..2486747)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	11	NC_000011.9 (2397410..2418627)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The conformation of tetraspanins CD53 and CD81 differentially affects their nanoscale organization and interaction with their partners.
Title: The conformation of tetraspanins CD53 and CD81 differentially affects their nanoscale organization and interaction with their partners.
CD81 fusion alters SARS-CoV-2 Spike trafficking.
Title: CD81 fusion alters SARS-CoV-2 Spike trafficking.
CD81 and CD82 expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the NSCLC tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in T-cell activation and cytokine production.
Title: CD81 and CD82 expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the NSCLC tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in T-cell activation and cytokine production.
Characterization and verification of CD81 as a potential target in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Title: Characterization and verification of CD81 as a potential target in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Transcript CD81-215 may be a long noncoding RNA of stromal origin with tumor-promoting role in colon cancer.
Title: Transcript CD81-215 may be a long noncoding RNA of stromal origin with tumor-promoting role in colon cancer.
A Conserved Domain of HCV E2 Glycoprotein Interacts with Human CD81 and Induces Interferon-Gamma Secretion from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Title: A Conserved Domain of HCV E2 Glycoprotein Interacts with Human CD81 and Induces Interferon-Gamma Secretion from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Differential proteomics argues against a general role for CD9, CD81 or CD63 in the sorting of proteins into extracellular vesicles.
Title: Differential proteomics argues against a general role for CD9, CD81 or CD63 in the sorting of proteins into extracellular vesicles.
Small extracellular vesicles have distinct CD81 and CD9 tetraspanin expression profiles in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Title: Small extracellular vesicles have distinct CD81 and CD9 tetraspanin expression profiles in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Circulating CD81-expressing extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of response for immune-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC.
Title: Circulating CD81-expressing extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of response for immune-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC.
The Tetraspanin CD81 Is a Host Factor for Chikungunya Virus Replication.
Title: The Tetraspanin CD81 Is a Host Factor for Chikungunya Virus Replication.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (174)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Immunodeficiency, common variable, 6 MedGen: C3150741 OMIM: 613496 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
HIV-1 infection (VSV-G pseudotyped) of CEMT4 T cells downregulates plasma membrane expression of CD81	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Tetraspanin proteins, such as CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82, and CD231, are incorporated on the membrane of released virions in an HIV-1 envelope protein (Env)-independent manner and have the potential to inhibit HIV-1 Env-mediated infection	PubMed
	env	Overexpression of CD81 and CD9 renders cells less susceptible to HIV-1 gp120/gp41-mediated syncytia formation; antibodies raised against CD9 and CD81 enhance syncytia formation	PubMed
	env	CD81 localizes to endosome compartments and is incorporated into the viral envelope of macrophage-derived HIV-1 particles	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	HIV-1 Env co-localizes with the lipid raft marker CD55 or the tetraspanin CD81 in HeLa P4-R5 cells	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef is detected in detergent-insoluble AChE+/CD81 low/TSG101 low exosomes, but not in detergent-soluble AChE-/CD81 high/TSG101 high exosomes in Nef-transfected 293T cells	PubMed
	nef	Both HIV-1 Nef and Vpu downregulate the cell surface expression of CD81 (TSPAN28)	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef increases the production of exosomes, which form at the plasma membrane and co-localizes with plasma membrane-associated proteins ICAM1, CD81, and Lck in Jurkat	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	Co-localization of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles in THP-1/CD169YF cells is reduced within CD81+ compartments, but enhanced within CD63+ or LAMP1+ compartments	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag proteins co-localize with CD63 and CD81 in intracellular exosomes	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag recruits and traps CD81 to Gag assembly sites at the plasma membrane	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag P99A mutation reduces its co-localization with tetraspanin-enriched microdomain marker CD81 and lipid raft marker CD59	PubMed
	gag	Tetherin co-localizes with HIV-1 Gag in CD81- and CD63-enriched intracellular virus-containing compartments in macrophages, and that a separate population of tetherin is located in the TGN	PubMed
	gag	In the absence of Vpu, Env accumulates extensively within clathrin-coated endosomal structures, including the viral proteins Gag and MA; the tetraspanins CD63 and CD81; the adaptor protein complex AP-3; and AIP1/ALIX, a cellular cofactor for viral budding	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu co-localizes with CD81 in HIV-1-infected CEMss T cells	PubMed
	vpu	Both HIV-1 Nef and Vpu downregulate the cell surface expression of CD81 (TSPAN28)	PubMed
capsid	gag	Infection of monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1 redistributes viperin from ER into foci, which significantly co-localizes with p24 and CD81	PubMed
matrix	gag	In the absence of Vpu, Env accumulates extensively within clathrin-coated endosomal structures, including the viral proteins Gag and MA; the tetraspanins CD63 and CD81; the adaptor protein complex AP-3; and AIP1/ALIX, a cellular cofactor for viral budding	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-57855 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:69665

GDB:678191 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:9560

WI-18911 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:60814

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables MHC class II protein binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables MHC class II protein complex binding	HDA more info	PubMed
enables cholesterol binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables integrin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transferrin receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables virus receptor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in immunological synapse formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in macrophage fusion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in osteoclast fusion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of B cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of adaptive immune memory response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of receptor clustering	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization to lysosome	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in receptor internalization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of macrophage migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of protein stability	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in symbiont entry into host cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in basal plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in basolateral plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in focal adhesion	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in immunological synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in tetraspanin-enriched microdomain	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: CD81 antigen

Names: 26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1; CD81 antigen (target of antiproliferative antibody 1); tetraspanin-28; tspan-28

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_023386.1 RefSeqGene

Range

3861..25103

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_142

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001297649.2 → NP_001284578.1 CD81 antigen isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001284578.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate first exon and initiates translation at an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AI334163, BC093047, BP323362

Consensus CDS

CCDS73240.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PJK1, E9PM31

Related

ENSP00000433178.2, ENST00000475945.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd03151
Location:42 → 131

CD81_like_LEL; Tetraspanin, extracellular domain or large extracellular loop (LEL), CD81_like subfamily. Tetraspanins are trans-membrane proteins with 4 trans-membrane segments. Both the N- and C-termini lie on the intracellular side of the membrane. This alignment ...
NM_001425129.1 → NP_001412058.1 CD81 antigen isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PJK1, E9PM31
NM_001425130.1 → NP_001412059.1 CD81 antigen isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PJK1, E9PM31
NM_001425131.1 → NP_001412060.1 CD81 antigen isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PJK1, E9PM31
NM_001425132.1 → NP_001412061.1 CD81 antigen isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PJK1, E9PM31

Related

ENSP00000437242.1, ENST00000492627.5
NM_001425134.1 → NP_001412063.1 CD81 antigen isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PJK1, E9PM31
NM_001425135.1 → NP_001412064.1 CD81 antigen isoform 3

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929
NM_001425137.1 → NP_001412066.1 CD81 antigen isoform 4

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929
NM_001425138.1 → NP_001412067.1 CD81 antigen isoform 5

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC124057, AC129929
NM_004356.4 → NP_004347.1 CD81 antigen isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004347.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC129929, BC002978, BG397506, BQ709484, M33680

Consensus CDS

CCDS7734.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P18582, P60033, Q5U0J6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H0YDJ9

Related

ENSP00000263645.5, ENST00000263645.10

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00335
Location:10 → 226

Tetraspannin; Tetraspanin family