Description
The PROC c.925G>A (p.Ala309Thr) variant, also known as p.Ala267Thr, has been reported in at least four studies in 13 individuals with protein C deficiency including six individuals in a homozygous state (of which five are related) and one individual in a compound heterozygous state (Conard et al. 1992; Gandrille et al. 1995; Loop et al. 2004; Tjeldhorn et al. 2010a). In the family reported by Tjeldhorn et al. (2010a), the patient developed deep vein thrombosis in her leg at the age of 16 and skin necrosis after warfarin use, while her four family members homozygous for the variant did not have evidence of venous thrombosis but did have significantly reduced protein C activity and antigen in plasma. Several reported patients experienced episodes of skin necrosis following treatments with anticoagulants (Conard et al. 1992; Loop et al. 2004; Tjeldhorn et al. 2010a). The p.Ala309Thr variant was reported in a heterozygous state in six individuals from three families, including four individuals with no overt clinical symptoms but reduced protein C activity and one individual described as symptomatic but with no further clinical details provided. Reported individuals heterozygous for the p.Ala309Thr variant had a protein C activity ranging from 45 to 63 percent of normal, while individuals homozygous or compound heterozygous for the variant displayed more significant reduction, as low a three percent (Loop et al. 2004; Tjeldhorn et al. 2010a). Expression analysis in CHO and Huh7 cells found pAla309Thr demonstrated reduced intracellular levels, impaired secretion, and altered localization with inefficient transport compared to WT (Tjeldhorn et al. 2010b). A subsequent study by Tjeldhorn et al. found p.Ala309Thr to be associated with increased ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), which were associated with increased apoptotic activity in cells (Tjeldhorn et al. 2011). Using 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) on CHO cells expressing p.Ala309Thr secretion was improved, localization was altered to the cytoplasm using the GRASP55 pathway (Chollet et al. 2015). The p.Ala309Thr variant was absent from 140 control chromosomes and is reported at a frequency of 0.000024 in the European (non-Finnish) population of the Genome Aggregation Database. Based on the available evidence, the p.Ala309Thr variant is classified as pathogenic for protein C deficiency.
| # | Sample | Method | Observation |
|---|
| Origin | Affected | Number tested | Tissue | Purpose | Method | Individuals | Allele frequency | Families | Co-occurrences |
|---|
| 1 | unknown | unknown | not provided | not provided | not provided | | not provided | not provided | not provided | not provided |
