Since its introduction in 1943 Recommended Dietary Allowances has become the accepted source of nutrient allowances for healthy people.

These Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are used throughout the food and health fields. Additionally, RDAs serve as the basis for the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances, the Food and Drug Administration's standards for nutrition labeling of foods.

The 10th Edition includes research results and expert interpretations from years of progress in nutrition research since the previous edition and provides not only RDAs but also "Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes"--provisional values for nutrients where data were insufficient to set an RDA.

Organized by nutrient for ready reference, the volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, sources of supply, effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes, relevant study results, and more.

The volume concludes with the invaluable "Summary Table of Recommended Dietary Allowances," a convenient and practical summary of the recommendations.

Contents

• FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TENTH EDITION OF THE RDAS
• FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD
• COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES
• [The National Academies]
• Preface
• 1. Summary
  • MAJOR REVISIONS IN THE TENTH EDITION AND THEIR BASES
  • USES AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE RDAs
• 2. Definition and Applications
  • ESTIMATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
  • ESTABLISHMENT OF DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS
  • HOW ARE RDAs TO BE MET?
  • PHARMACOLOGIC AND TOXIC EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS
  • REFERENCE INDIVIDUALS
  • NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES FOR INFANTS
  • NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES FOR THE ELDERLY
  • CONDITIONS THAT MAY REQUIRE ADJUSTMENT IN APPLICATION OF RDAs
  • APPLICATION OF RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES
  • NUTRITIONAL ALLOWANCES AS GUIDELINES FOR FOOD SUPPLIES AND FOR HEALTH AND WELFARE PROGRAMS
  • REFERENCES
• 3. Energy
  • ESTIMATING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
  • ESTIMATION OF ENERGY ALLOWANCES
  • COMPARISON OF RDA AND REPORTED INTAKES
  • CHANGES IN ENERGY ALLOWANCES COMPARED TO NINTH EDITION
  • REFERENCES
• 4. Carbohydrates and Fiber
  • DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES
  • DIETARY FIBER
  • REFERENCES
• 5. Lipids
  • DIETARY SOURCES AND USUAL INTAKES
  • ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
  • OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
  • REFERENCES
• 6. Protein and Amino Acids
  • GENERAL SIGNS OF DEFICIENCY
  • GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR ESTIMATING PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS
  • OTHER CRITERIA OF ADEQUACY
  • THE REQUIREMENT FOR AMINO ACIDS
  • RECOMMENDED ALLOWANCES FOR PROTEIN
  • CONSUMPTION AND AMINO ACID PATTERN OF PROTEINS IN THE U.S. DIET
  • OTHER EFFECTS ON PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS
  • COMPARISON OF CURRENT PROTEIN RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE 1980 RDAS
  • EXCESSIVE INTAKES AND TOXICITY
  • REFERENCES
• 7. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
  • VITAMIN A
  • VITAMIN D
  • VITAMIN E
  • VITAMIN K
• 8. Water-Soluble Vitamins
  • VITAMIN C
  • THIAMIN
  • RIBOFLAVIN
  • NIACIN
  • VITAMIN B6
  • FOLATE
  • VITAMIN B12
  • BIOTIN
  • PANTOTHENIC ACID
• 9. Minerals
  • CALCIUM
  • PHOSPHORUS
  • MAGNESIUM
• 10. Trace Elements
  • IRON
  • ZINC
  • IODINE
  • SELENIUM
  • COPPER
  • MANGANESE
  • FLUORIDE
  • CHROMIUM
  • MOLYBDENUM
• 11. Water and Electrolytes
  • WATER
  • SODIUM
  • POTASSIUM
  • CHLORIDE
  • REFERENCES
• 12. Other Substances in Food
  • NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL FOR SOME HIGHER ANIMALS BUT NOT PROVED TO BE REQUIRED BY NORMAL HUMANS
  • GROWTH FACTORS AND COENZYMES
  • SUBSTANCES WITH NO KNOWN ESSENTIALITY IN ANIMALS OR HUMANS
  • REFERENCES
• SUMMARY TABLE

The study summarized in this report was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, through Contract Nos. NO1-AM-0-2204 and NO1-DK-8-2236.

Supported by funds from the National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service, contract no: NO1-DK-8-2236.

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.