Table 1, Mortality Among Older Persons With Geriatric Syndromes - Common Syndromes in Older Adults Related to Primary and Secondary Prevention

Reference	Syndrome	Deaths per 1,000 Elderly Persons With Different Definitions of the Syndrome
3-Year Mortality
Dependent in ADLs or IADLs
Carey, 2008¹⁸⁴	Preparing meals	Shopping	Housework	Laundry	Managing finances	Taking medications
424	416	418	411	424	439
Bathing	Toileting	Transferring	Eating	Dressing	Walking across a room
418	470	476	463	434	450
Cognitive impairment
Lee, 2006¹⁹⁷	No cognitive disorder	Mild cognitive impairment	Mild dementia	Moderate dementia	Severe dementia
63	180	260	280	534
Pijpers, 2009¹⁸⁹	MMSE score >24	MMSE score ≤24
192	351
Frailty
Fried, 2001²³	Not frail	Intermediate	Frail
30	70	180
Frailty phenotype
Ensrud, 2009¹¹⁴	Not Frail	Intermediate	Frail
29	62	166
Fried, 2001²³	Not Frail	Intermediate	Frail
30	70	180
Malnutrition
Saletti, 2005¹⁹⁸	Well Nourished	At risk of malnutrition	Malnutrition
279	400	500
BMI 20–23	BMI 23–28	BMI <20
348	353	500
Pijpers, 2009¹⁸⁹	BMI ≥8.5	BMI <18.5
274	611
5-Year Mortality
Self-perceived health
Gutman, 2001¹⁰³	Very good	Pretty good	Not too good	Poor/very poor
146	225	359	339
Cognitive impairment
	Cognitively normal	Alzheimer’s disease	Vascular dementia	Other dementia and cognitive impairment
Ostbye, 1999¹⁴¹	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men
65–74 yrs	156	200	579	684	600	739	342	422
75–84 yrs	237	359	643	725	776	769	468	577
85+ yrs	448	500	820	911	827	941	613	680
Disability
Schonberg, 2009¹⁸⁶	Quintile of Risk (Age, sex, smoking, BMI, perceived health, ADL or IADL disability, emotional health, comorbidity, hospitalization, emergency room and clinic visits)
1	2	3	4	5
60	100	140	270	520
50	100	170	310	500
57	100	151	284	513
	Mortality Index, Points (Age, sex, smoking, BMI, perceived health, ADL or IADL disability, emotional health, comorbidity, hospitalization, emergency room and clinic visits)
Schonberg, 2009¹⁸⁶	0–1	2–3	4–5	6–7	8–9	10–11
20	70	80	110	150	250
30	50	80	120	190	290
24	63	80	114	164	264
Lee, 2006⁵³	Difficulty bathing	Difficulty preparing meals	Difficulty using telephone	Difficulty managing finances	Difficulty walking several blocks	Difficulty pushing heavy objects
431	334	454	364	257	224
Malnutrition
Beck, 1999⁷⁰	NSI checklist	NSI checklist	MNA	MNA
0–5	≥6	≥24	17–23.5
230	360	170	490
Chronic inflammation
Kravitz, 2009⁹¹	CRP
Undetectable (<0.5)	Detectable (0.5–0.7)	Elevated (≥0.8)
375	531	530
5- to 7-Year Mortality
Cognitive impairment
Stump, 2001¹⁹⁹	None	Mild	Moderate to severe
214	215	408
Frailty
Fried, 2001²³	Not frail	Intermediate	Frail
120	230	430
10-Year Mortality
Disability
Graham, 2009¹⁴⁸	ADL limitation	IADL limitation
805	555
Frailty
Graham, 2009¹⁴⁸	Not Frail	Intermediate	Frail
336	487	840

Reference

Syndrome

Deaths per 1,000 Elderly Persons With Different Definitions of the Syndrome

3-Year Mortality

Dependent in ADLs or IADLs

Carey, 2008¹⁸⁴

Preparing meals

Shopping

Housework

Laundry

Managing finances

Taking medications

424

416

418

411

424

439

Bathing

Toileting

Transferring

Eating

Dressing

Walking across a room

418

470

476

463

434

450

Cognitive impairment

Lee, 2006¹⁹⁷

No cognitive disorder

Mild cognitive impairment

Mild dementia

Moderate dementia

Severe dementia

180

260

280

534

Pijpers, 2009¹⁸⁹

MMSE score >24

MMSE score ≤24

192

351

Frailty

Fried, 2001²³

Not frail

Intermediate

Frail

180

Frailty phenotype

Ensrud, 2009¹¹⁴

Not Frail

Intermediate

Frail

166

Fried, 2001²³

Not Frail

Intermediate

Frail

180

Malnutrition

Saletti, 2005¹⁹⁸

Well Nourished

At risk of malnutrition

Malnutrition

279

400

500

BMI 20–23

BMI 23–28

BMI <20

348

353

500

Pijpers, 2009¹⁸⁹

BMI ≥8.5

BMI <18.5

274

611

5-Year Mortality

Self-perceived health

Gutman, 2001¹⁰³

Very good

Pretty good

Not too good

Poor/very poor

146

225

359

339

Cognitive impairment

Cognitively normal

Alzheimer’s disease

Vascular dementia

Other dementia and cognitive impairment

Ostbye, 1999¹⁴¹

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

65–74 yrs

156

200

579

684

600

739

342

422

75–84 yrs

237

359

643

725

776

769

468

577

85+ yrs

448

500

820

911

827

941

613

680

Disability

Schonberg, 2009¹⁸⁶

Quintile of Risk
(Age, sex, smoking, BMI, perceived health, ADL or IADL disability, emotional health, comorbidity, hospitalization, emergency room and clinic visits)

100

140

270

520

100

170

310

500

100

151

284

513

Mortality Index, Points
(Age, sex, smoking, BMI, perceived health, ADL or IADL disability, emotional health, comorbidity, hospitalization, emergency room and clinic visits)

Schonberg, 2009¹⁸⁶

0–1

2–3

4–5

6–7

8–9

10–11

110

150

250

120

190

290

114

164

264

Lee, 2006⁵³

Difficulty bathing

Difficulty preparing meals

Difficulty using telephone

Difficulty managing finances

Difficulty walking several blocks

Difficulty pushing heavy objects

431

334

454

364

257

224

Malnutrition

Beck, 1999⁷⁰

NSI checklist

MNA

0–5

≥6

≥24

17–23.5

230

360

170

490

Chronic inflammation

Kravitz, 2009⁹¹

CRP

Undetectable (<0.5)

Detectable (0.5–0.7)

Elevated (≥0.8)

375

531

530

5- to 7-Year Mortality

Cognitive impairment

Stump, 2001¹⁹⁹

None

Mild

Moderate to severe

214

215

408

Frailty

Fried, 2001²³

Not frail

Intermediate

Frail

120

230

430

10-Year Mortality

Disability

Graham, 2009¹⁴⁸

ADL limitation

IADL limitation

805

555

Frailty

Graham, 2009¹⁴⁸

Not Frail

Intermediate

Frail

336

487

840

From: Executive Summary

Cover of Common Syndromes in Older Adults Related to Primary and Secondary Prevention

Common Syndromes in Older Adults Related to Primary and Secondary Prevention [Internet].

Evidence Syntheses/Technology Assessments, No. 87.

Kane RL, Talley KMC, Shamliyan T, et al.

Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Jul.

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Table 1Mortality Among Older Persons With Geriatric Syndromes