Table 1Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Study ParameterInclusion CriteriaExclusion Criteria
PopulationAdult and pediatric patients
InterventionAny surveillance or infection control testing or asymptomatic screening conducted for evaluation of the following organisms:
  • Clostridioides difficile
  • Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • Candida auris
  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
  • Diagnostic testing outside of outbreak surveillance testing
  • Multicomponent intervention studies that did not evaluate the specific contribution of surveillance to downstream colonization or infection results
  • Testing stewardship interventions
  • No microbial organism of interest evaluated
  • Pre-clinical interventions
ComparatorUsual practice or other type of PSP
  • No concurrent or historical comparison group
  • No clear description of intervention
Outcome

Safety

  • Adverse events and incidence of harm
Quality of care measures
  • Healthcare associated infections due to organism of interest
  • Colonization due to organism of interest
Utilization of healthcare services (focusing on the main utilization measure reported in the study)

Implementation

  • Barriers and facilitators
  • Resources (cost, staff, time)
  • No outcome of interest
  • Studies only assessing test performance
TimingOriginal studies published since 2019Published before 2019
SettingInpatient and emergency department settings, nursing, and rehabilitation facilitiesAmbulatory, community, or other outpatient settings
Type of studiesOriginal studies (Randomized controlled trials or observational studies with a comparison group, including pre-post studies), systematic reviews published since 2019, the year of the search done for the MHS III report on this topicGuidelines, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, editorials, commentaries, and abstracts

ASC = active surveillance culturing; MHS = Making Healthcare Safer; PSP = patient safety practice

From: Active Surveillance Culturing of Clostridioides difficile and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, and Candida auris

Cover of Making Healthcare Safer IV
Making Healthcare Safer IV: A Continuous Updating of Patient Safety Harms and Practices [Internet].
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