TABLE 21-1Predicted Nutrient Concentrations (DM Basis) Needed to Meet the Nutrient Requirements for Holstein Cattle at Varying Stages of Lactation and Ages of Maturity

Growing Calves and HeifersDry CowsaLactating Cows by Parity (Body Weight) and Days in Milka
Days in MilkFirst (570 kg)Mature (700 kg)
Days Prepartum1515020100200
Age, days3010022535047560060–21d<21dMilk, kg3339535543
BW, kg65120230330420530740740Fat %3.93.63.73.53.8
Growth Rate, kg/d0.70.70.90.80.70.90.10.1Protein %3.13.02.82.83.3
Dry matter intake, kg/d1.43.96.68.59.811.013.912.3—20.823.925.829.427.4
ME, Mcal/kg3.682.262.091.951.922.121.932.25—2.392.612.582.732.60
NEL, Mcal/kg——————1.281.49—1.581.721.701.801.73
Rumen-degradable protein, %—10.010.010.010.010.010.010.0—10.010.010.010.010.0
Rumen-undegradable protein, %—6.64.42.61.72.71.94.3—6.27.07.57.47.5
Crude protein, %21.016.614.412.611.712.711.914.3—16.216.017.517.417.5
Metabolizable protein, %16.59.58.16.86.114.05.26.7—9.89.810.910.210.1
NDF, min %—25–3325–3325–3325–3325–3325–3325–33—25–3325–3325–3325–3325–33
Forage NDF, min %—19–2519–2519–2519–2519–2519–2519–25—19–2519–2519–2519–2519–25
Starch max, % (varies)—15–2015–2015–2015–2015–2015–2015–20—22–3022–3022–3022–3022–30
Macrominerals, %
Ca0.590.780.580.440.370.390.310.39—0.570.570.640.600.58
P0.450.320.260.210.180.190.190.21—0.350.350.390.370.35
Mg0.150.140.120.120.120.100.130.14—0.170.170.180.180.17
K1.000.510.520.540.560.600.620.69—1.030.971.101.000.99
Na0.350.170.160.160.150.160.160.17—0.210.210.230.220.21
Cl0.280.140.140.130.130.130.130.14—0.290.300.340.320.29
S—0.200.200.200.200.200.200.20—0.200.200.200.200.20
DCAD-S mEq/kg min—394245506066−100—148130157135137
Trace minerals, mg/kg
Cu516161515171819—9810810
Co—0.200.200.200.200.200.200.20—0.200.200.200.200.20
I0.780.690.580.540.530.540.510.54—0.460.420.470.420.41
Fe9061463224281315—1616211916
Mn5049444038433843—2826312827
Se0.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.3—0.30.30.30.30.3
Zn7047413634353032—5758666261
Vitamins, IU/kg
Vitamin A5,2183,3903,8294,2654,6985,2885,8506,630—3,0212,7963,6873,3033,103
Vitamin D1,5189241,0441,1631,2811,4421,5951,810—1,0999541,0859521,021
Vitamin E86492528313585181—2219221920
a

Energy and protein requirements for dry and lactating cows have been adjusted for growth (0.19 and 0.1 kg/d) for first versus mature cows and changes in energy reserves (−0.36, −1.00, 0.20, −1.70, 0.21, and 0.21 kg/d) for the respective groups beginning with dry cows at less than 21 days prepartum. Days pregnant were set at 10, 60, and 110 for cows at 100, 150, and 200 DIM.

From: 21, Nutrient Requirement Tables

Cover of Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle
Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources; Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2021 Aug 30.
Copyright 2021 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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